Major U.S. Historical Events 1980-Present Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Major U.S. Historical Events 1980-Present - Essay Example When Ronald Reagan was inaugurated president in 1980, his term was ushered in with a wave of new conservatism. Reagan, a military hard-liner and staunch anti-communist, was able to confront the USSR and end the Cold War without precipitating a nuclear disaster. His administration enacted several initiatives that would form the basis of a multi-faceted attack on the USSR. This was accomplished by increased military spending, support of democracy in the Soviet's satellite countries, and crippling the economy of the Soviet Union. These initiatives in unison eroded the communist system and by the end of his term, the Soviets had capitulated. The increase in military expenditures was responsible for the implementation of National Security Defense Directive (NSDD) 32, signed by Reagan in 1982. Its purpose was to financially and covertly support anti-Soviet groups in Eastern Europe (Edward's). As anti-Soviet sentiment rose in Eastern Europe, Reagan enacted NSDD 66, which called for a clandestine economic war on the Soviet Union. It called for limiting the USSR's access to technology as well as curtailing their ability to produce natural gas (Edwards). Embargoing the Soviet economy was coupled with increased pressure exerted by American military goals to bring the Soviet system to a gradual halt during Reagan's administration. The dismantling of the Berlin Wall in 1989, the most celebrated symbol of the victory, ended 40 years of American effort and opened up new opportunities for peace around the world as well as new challenges for America's foreign policy. The ending of the Cold War served to increase the public's belief in America's system of democracy and allowed diplomatic and military resources to be turned towards other endeavors. When Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990, the memory of the failure to secure a victory in Southeast Asia decades earlier still fomented fears of another Vietnam. Iraq, debt-ridden and weary from years of war with Iran, made a desperate and miscalculated move to invade Kuwait. President George Bush Sr. was able to capitalize on Huessein's miscalculations and through diplomacy and political savvy was able to form a united coalition of nations to stand against Iraqi aggression. Saudi Arabia, a vital American interest, and 14 members of the Arab League joined to condemn Iraq's aggression (Persian Gulf War). Within days, international cooperation led by Bush, resulted in a global embargo against the Iragi regime. Bush, able to unite America under a new wave of national pride, assembled a military team to plan a strategic operation while diplomacy and UN Sanctions worked behind the scenes in an effort to oust the Iraqis from Kuwait. As diplomacy failed and UN deadlines expired, the first air attacks on Iraq began on January 17, 1991 (Atkinson). After more than a month of air strikes, a 4 day ground war decisively expelled Iraq from Kuwait and decimated their military. This rapid victory, with few casualties, placed America as an international military power once again. The coalition victory brought with it new hope for the future of global cooperation to suppress dictators and promote human rights. American pride had been restored and resulted in a new

The School of Athens by Raphael Essay Example for Free

The School of Athens by Raphael Essay The School of Athens by Raphael is a complex painting with a fascinating composition. The subjects, building, composition and his use of color make it a compelling piece. This painting is extremely decorative and complex. With various tools, Raphael was able to emphasize different aspects and pull the viewer into the work. Because of the colors used in the painting, and the setting, this painting seems to be of religious or educated figures. This painting has many subjects, most of which appear to be male. Knowing that most renaissance paintings have both genders, one would conclude that there are a few females. All of the subjects are wearing colorful, flowing robes. The fact that they have colorful clothing on symbolizes a high rank. This rank is either of the church or of land. The highly crafted building the subjects are in leads the viewer to think that the rank is from the church or education. In the middle, the subjects are surrounding two men. Everyone seems to be listening to the men. The men in the bottom left are reading or writing, what could be the primary mens words. The ones in the bottom right are surrounding a board on the floor and could be discussing the words of the men. With all of the conversing going on, and the layout of the people, one would assume that this is a lecture setting. This story is going on in a large, ornate, arched-ceiling building. This building is painted from top to bottom. The main arch in the front has a very geometric pattern on it but the column connecting it to the ground is flowery. There is gold on the ceiling, on the decorative pieces between each painting. The top-left corner has a large rock painted on a background of gold. There is a person standing behind it but the edge of the painting cuts it off at the waist. Under the large rock painting, there is a smaller gold tree on a blue background. These two colors are the epitome or wealth because they are the most costly to buy. In the top right corner, again cut off by the border of the painting, there is a group or what appear to be women. They are focused around some type of animal in the middle. Below this is the same tree as the opposite side. The filling between the two large paintings and the smaller trees is all triangular. It has an ornate pattern in blue and gold, just like the trees. In the bottom left-hand corner, there is a framed square, which looks like it is a mirror. The way there is wood  in it but no other bare wood anywhere in the picture makes it seem to be a reflection. Behind the large arch in the front, there is a hallway type of structure. It has a statue on each side with smaller carved scenes under them. The hallway, which opens up to a ceiling-less patio has statues, similar to the ones on the wall. The archways have geometric carved patterns covering the ceilings. Unlike the foreground arch, the background ones are white stone; there is no paint or gold on them. As the arches become smaller and the sky becomes larger, the pure blue sky with fluffy white clouds begins to show. This painting is very realistic, because of the detail of ornamental pieces and because of the accuracy of the structure. The perspective is precise; larger things are in the foreground and smaller things are in the background. Unlike earlier paintings, the building looks like you could walk through it. The scale of the subjects is also very accurate. Some earlier works had the most important characters larger and in the middle. The values, which differ in the arches, show depth. The arches are darker on the underside and on the right walls, to show a direction of light from the right. The people on the sides are not exact copies but the fact that they are on both sides makes the painting approximately symmetrical. The evenness of the arches also emphasizes the symmetrical characteristic. The composition of the image is made interesting by the complexity of the people. The empty building without the individuals in it would be an architectural study. The colors in this painting pull the viewer in. The use of gold in modesty, compared to many other paintings, makes the whole painting brighten. The colors on the robes are impressive. The subjects closer to the two in the middle have more primary and secondary colored gowns while the perimeter has primarily tertiary colored clothing. This may have to do with class or emphasis. As concluded earlier, the middle subjects are significant so to make them stand out, the robes are more vibrant. The archway in the front is much more decorative and frames the subjects underneath. With the arches in the back being less showy, the foreground with the people stands out more. In conclusion, this painting has many facets and details, which could go unnoticed. Raphael stressed certain parts by using color and framing. The context leads one to believe that the subjects are knowledgeable. With the color, composition and subjects combined, this painting is a significant piece. The School of Athens is an elaborate painting with a multifaceted story.

Affirmative Action :: essays research papers

Affirmative action is a growing argument among our society. It is multifaceted and very often defined vaguely. Some can define affirmative action as the ability to strive for equality and inclusiveness. Others might see it as a quota-based system for different minority groups. Is affirmative action fair? Are minority groups on equal footing? Is gaining employment for minorities difficult? Is education easily obtained for the minority groups of people? Affirmative action endeavors to answer all these questions, while allowing society to believe harmony exists. Affirmative action has definitely helped women and minorities in their careers, but it has yet to succeed in the goal of equality in the business world for women and minorities. As more and more women are faced with discrimination in large firms, more have decided to strike out on their own. Today employers both private and public require individuals to take a test before entering their place of employment. For example, if one were to apply for a job in a supermarket a test for your basic educational skill is required. To become a fireman, policeman, teacher, or Kentucky Fried Chicken employee you are required to take a test before being hired. To further your education you need to take a test to enter a University. Jobs for today are in the technological, computer, and Internet areas. The need to be educated is a part of life. In our society there are difficulties with basic education. Affirmative action gives minorities the right to equal education. Is affirmative action fair? Affirmative action has become a tool for minorities to use for equality in the business world. Women, African Americans, Hispanics and the like now have a level tool that would support their rights as individuals in the business world. Yes, affirmative action demonstrates fairness. Are minority groups on equal footing? Today, affirmative action is recognized however, the 'glass ceiling' is still there. The glass ceiling refers to "you can see it, but you can't get it". Minorities can reach for the ceiling but still have difficulty actually trying to touch it. Unfortunately affirmative action cannot tell society to behave in a way that would place every individual, every minority group on equal footing. Affirmative action is a great tool for minorities. It encourages equality in humanity. I agree and support affirmative action in that individual's should be treated equally. Affirmative action is still needed. Although women and people of color have come a long way in the decades since the Civil Rights Act was passed, discrimination still exists.

Essay on Human Nature and The Canterbury Tales -- Canterbury Tales Ess

Human Nature and The Canterbury Tales  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   When Geoffrey Chaucer undertook the writing of The Canterbury Tales, he had a long road ahead of him. He intended to tell two stories from each of thirty pilgrims on the way to Canterbury, and then two more from each pilgrim on the way back from Canterbury. Of these, he completed only twenty-four. However, in these tales, Chaucer depicts both the pilgrims and their stories with striking realism. In "The Nun's Priest's Tale," "The Canon's Yeoman's Tale," "The Friar's Tale," "The Reeve's Tale," and "The Cleric's Tale," Chaucer demonstrates his remarkable insight into human nature. By comparing and contrasting these tales, one can see the universality of human nature as shown by Chaucer. One human trait apparent in these selections is greed. Avarice drives the hearts of many men, whether they may be a common miller or a summoner or a supposedly religious canon, and Chaucer was aware of this. In the tales which contain these three characters, Chaucer depicts the greed of these characters. The Reeve tells his fellow pilgrims in his tale of a miller who "was a thief ... of corn and meal, and sly at that; his habit was to steal" (Chaucer 125). The summoner in "The Friar's Tale" "drew large profits to himself thereby," and as the devil observes of him in this tale, "You're out for wealth, acquired no matter how" (Chaucer 312, 315). The canon in Part 1 of "The Canon's Yeoman's Tale," as well as the Yeoman himself, had been driven by the goal of converting base metals into gold, and "though we never realized the wished conclusion we still went on raving in our illusion" (Chaucer 478). The second canon of which the Yeoman speaks is many times worse than his own canon and mas ter, using h... .... Works Cited Balliet, Gay L. "The Wife in Chaucer's Reeves's Tale: Siren of Sweet Vengeance." English Language Notes 28.1 (1990): 1-5. Baylor, Jeffrey. "The Failure of the Intellect in Chaucer's Reeve's Tale." English Language Notes 28.1 (1990): 17-19. Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Canterbury Tales. Trans. Nevill Coghill. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1960. Dictionary of Literary Biography: Old and Middle English. Ed. Jeffrey Helteman and Jerome Mitchell. Detroit: Sale Research, Inc., 1994. Edden, Valerie. "Sacred and Secular in the Clerk's Tale." The Chaucer Review 26.4 (1992): 369-376. Fehrenbacher, Richard W. "'A Yeerd Enclosed Al About': Literature and History in the Nun's Priest's Tale." The Chaucer Review 29.2 (1994): 134-148. Whittock, Trevor. A Reading of The Canterbury Tales. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press, 1970.      

Cash Flow Problems and Solutions Essay

Sharma and Ryan are planning to share ownership of the business SIGNature Ltd. The business will manufacture plastic road signs for builders, tourist attractions and local councils. It is imperative that the business are continually monitoring and controlling their cash flow if they aim to survive, specifically making sure there are sufficient funds to cover immediate spending. However, SIGNature Ltd. should avoid holding too much cash as this is an unproductive asset, as the business could lose out on the possible profit from investing in the cash. Many businesses produce regular cash flow forecasts, listing all likley receipts (cash inflows) and payments (cash outflows) over a future time period, in this case 12 months. SIGNature Ltd. decided to invest  £12,500 each of their own money into the business totalling at  £25000 altogether, an adequate amount of money to start off the year, however; looking at their closing balance of  £5,556 this investment could have been much hi gher, the business were aware of their costs for this month of  £135,443 – a considerable sum of money to be coming out of a start-up business in the first month. The main issue with these high outgoings is the slightly low opening balance for February, which could have been avoided if precautions had been taken such as investing more money into the business or perhaps spreading the costs. In addition to the capital introduced Sharma and Ryan were granted a bank loan of  £80,000, a fairly large sum which aided the funding of machinery at  £85,000, fittings and fixtures at  £20,000 and insurance at  £1,000 totalling at  £106,000. With the uncertainty of sales these large payments in the first month may have negative results for the months to come if their sales do not meet targets, possibly landing the business into debts that will have to be repaid through external sources of finance, which will in turn incur additional borrowing costs adding pressure to the situation. Their available bank overdraft of  £20,000 could be considered, however, this would mean additional debt and additional creditors to repay, the business would then n eed to find ways of raising money themselves using the money borrowed, in order to repay all debts successfully – this would be unlikely to work as it would take time,  resources and money putting extreme pressure on the business. Many business over borrow to finance growth, increasing interest costs which not only threatens the businesses cash position but the overall control of the business. It is important for Sharma and Ryan to fund growth in a balanced way; additional funds could have been invested through savings, Sharma and Ryan could have looked into accessible external sources of finance by for example seeking financial support from family and friends who would be interested in making an investment into the business. It appears that the business invested too much on fixed assets in the first month as the initial stages of a business’ funds are limited. Spending large amounts of money on equipment, machinery and other capital items can drain resources; Sharma and Ryan should consider lease some of these fixed assets such as the machinery, leaving sufficient cash funds. Receipts are lowest in February than any other at  £41,556, a possible result of the lower opening balance from the previous month’s outgoings. Sales remained the same at  £30,000, while regular costs remained the same, including salary payments of  £6,333 in total; this may have potential effects on the business and its profit, by paying the same outflows while receiving low inflows can cause the business to eat into turnover and therefore their profits. Other payments could also be investigated, such as their courier for example, their payments of  £1,500 seem extortionate, reducing the working capital the business have available to spend on daily activity and pay expenses. This may be an example of poor financial management, an inexperience in managi ng cash or a poor understanding of the way cash flows in and out of their business may lead Sharma and Ryan into problems. For example if a business were to spend heavily just before it receives cash from their customers who have bought on credit it is likely to face problems. It is not wise to spend cash when it is not definitely there. It will help SIGNature Ltd. to save cash if they were able to delay paying their courier for services they have already bought, the courier may also be able to extend their credit period (if any) from 30 to 60 days for example. However the business should be careful that the courier do not withdraw their credit facilities and refuse to transport the business’ goods if they are waiting too long for payment. Alternatively Sharma and Ryan could look into other courier services, comparing prices on the market in order to find a company that will transport their goods at a  lower cost; leaving additional cash funds to support other business activity. Additional action that could be taken includes reducing the personal drawings from the business, owners who regularly take cash from the business could attempt to take less. Living expenses may be an issue to consider, however, making a reduction in drawings taken could reduce the amount of money that leaves the business. March sales are again  £30,000, with the addition of  £10,700 incurred in quarterly costs including payments to HMRC and telephone bills while advertising payments have risen by  £500; the result of these costs mean the closing balance drops to  £7,970 from 12,113 in the previous month, possibly impacting on April’s cash flow if sales do not rise as expected. In addition to this Ryan and Sharma are continuing to pay themselves as well as their two staff, raising costs by  £3,166 which could be spent on other aspects of the business while continuing to pay the same rates for all other costs; consequently their outgoings for the month total at  £40,143, a higher than optimum total. Businesses are subject to unpredictable external forces, meaning they must make financial provision for any unforeseen expenditure. Equipment breakdowns, tax demands, strikes and bad debts are common examples of emergency expense. In the early stages of business development it is more likely that business owners are affected by unforeseen expenditure due to lack of experience or insufficient planning. For Sharma and Ryan, it is very important they take these factors into account when financing their business, their current poor financial management could lead them to additional expenses they are not able to afford and could possibly have long-term effects on the business which will be hard to recover from. In order to raise funds SIGNature Ltd. may consider stimulating sales for cash, many business can generate cash by offering large discounts for customers who will pay in cash, reducing the amount of time waited to receive cash from sales to cover any emergency costs incurred. Sharm a and Ryan could simply delay payments, keeping this cash within the business for a longer period of time and only paying when put under pressure by creditors. Although this may be acceptable in many cases, the business should be cautious to make HMRC payments upfront to avoid future issues such as the loss of assets or additional costs as a result. Sometimes it may be possible to sell stock of raw materials, components or unfinished goods for cash. To  generate cash quickly at lower cost if necessary, however, stocks such as road signs and their materials are specialised so may prove difficult to sell. They may consider selling to collectors of plastic, although this may not generate enough to benefit the business. April and May’s sales are to rise to  £37,000 as do purchases, going from  £13,500 to  £16,650 which could impact on profits after costs are deducted, spending although sometimes necessary can have negative effects on the business inflows. While costs cons ist of mostly mandatory payments, heat and lighting remain at  £500; the approaching summer months and likely hot weather suggest that this month’s bill should be considerably lower as days become longer at beginning of spring meaning more heat and light will be naturally generated, spending cash on these bills when they are not required is an example of financial mismanagement possibly leading to additional finance issues due to lack of cash. The business should focus on making only essential purchases, postponing or cancelling nay unnecessary spending and only buying resources when required. The business should consider ways to utilise natural light effectively in order to save energy, and costs as a result; an example could be the installation of solar panels, in addition to this the temperature in this month should be higher and therefore no need for the business to be paying the amount they are for heating. Other ways to gain or regain cash involve putting pressure on customers to pay back what they owe more quickly. Allowing customers to receive trade credit can benefit as they will appreciate the extra time to pay for purchased goods, however as SIGNature’s customers are often other business they may take advantage of this act of goodwill in resistance to repay the business when asked. Therefore the business should be wary when trusting a customer with this service, as they may not repay as result of pressure and it could lead to them simply resorting to finding another supplier. June’s sales remain at  £37,000 while the second quarterly costs are du e, HMRC payments have risen to  £12,210 as a result of higher company purchases. Total outgoings for this month are  £46,233, this is higher due to aspects of outgoings such as the addition of  £300 in telephone charges,  £500 additional advertising costs and the continual payment of heat and lighting bills of  £500. Other than this the business do not seem to be taking action against managing high costs (such as the courier for example), this demonstrates a reluctance to adapt to new  situations. When dealing with their business, Sharma and Ryan should be evolving, and adapting their business to meet current demands; what suited the business three months ago may not apply currently. Sharma and Ryan may think about introducing fresh capital this month in order to improve cash flow, they may be able to use savings or take out loans using personal possessions as security. As a small business, SIGNature Ltd. may be able to friends and family to invest in it; another possibility could be the acquiring of a new business partner to add to existing funds, in addition they may be able to offer their expertise or a fresh way of thinking which could improve the business further. July to September’s sales rise to  £41,000, a  £4000 increase from April to June’s sales and an  £11,000 increase from the beginning of the year’s sales; inflows are appearing positive by this quarter, with outgoings remaining almost the same with the exception of higher purchases, the businesses profit margin has risen significantly. Sales have noticeably continued to rise after the end of each quarter when an additional  £500 is invested into advertising, from this I can say it is clear the business has potential to improve further from the use of advertisement in order to raise brand awareness and attract new and existing customers to continue using the ir business. It could be that the ‘in-between’ months are not being put to best use, if Sharma and Ryan were to more regularly invest in additional advertisement it could be that the business sales would continue to rise. From this pattern it appears their inexperience holds them from reaching full potential at the rate they could if they were to consult others (such as potential investors, or any associates within the industry for example) who may be able to offer advice or assistance. Another possible alternative as previously mentioned could be the introduction of an additional business partner, preferably one already involved within the industry, to offer their expertise through knowledge and experience while contributing a new take on the running of their business. If reluctant to allow another person have a say in the running of their organisation, there is the possibility of acquiring the new partner as a ‘silent partner’, allowing Sharma and Ryan to gain funds and guidance on the running of their business without the possible disagreements on actions taken during daily activity, which in turn would reduce any stress this may have caused while benefiting from the extra help they would receive. From  October to December sales deteriorate to  £25,000 with bills remaining this reduces profit margins; however, opening and closing balances continue to total at over  £50,000, these large sums of money remaining each month appear positive when looking at the cash flow forecast, although this is known as an unproductive asset. The money left over at the end of the month should be banked or invested, in order to gain money from either interest earned or profit received from investment; the money lost from holding the cash could set the business back from what they could have earned if they were to have invested their money. Although many businesses try to sustain demand for their products, there may be times when it falls unexpectedly. Changes in spending habits could lead to a fall in demand, leading to fall in cash sales flowing into the company; oftentimes, trade fluctuates for seasonal reasons as it appears to have done in this case. To avoid this precautions can be taken , for SIGNature Ltd. it is thought their business would continue to strive in winter due to the nature of the organisation, additional warning road signs are likely to be needed as a result of harsh weather conditions, form this I can say that the business would be wise to invest in additional advertisement for the winter months in order to boost sales. In addition to this they may be able to provide discount in order to promote their product. This situation requires careful management of the summer months in order to regulate the winter months, although it is possible to predict these changes. In conclusion I can say that there are many issues SIGNature Ltd. could face as a small start-up business, due to varying factors; some of which include their lack of experience in both the industry and the running of a business, despite this there are many courses of action they can take in order to improve and grow their business. In my opinion the furthering of their business could be achieved through the better management of their spending, in addition to the alteration of their operation; there were a number of outgoings the business were continuing to pay when perhaps they could have found a cheaper alternative, while when possessing large sums of money, were not taking action to make use of this. As new business owners, the partnership should work on the evolution of their business by finding new ways to do things to ensure their organisation is reaching full potential by increasing profit margins through the cutting of costs and in some cases, the spreading of them in order t o achieve economies of scale,  which could benefit Sharma and Ryan greatly.

outpouring of personality essays

outpouring of personality essays We are one of a kind! That was made us special... Many things, letting us know how wonderfully and creatively God made you and me. God given assets to distinguish that we are UNIQUE. We have different drives, abilities, and personalities and we cant be treated as the same. We are all born with our own set of strengths and weaknesses, and no magic formula works wonders for all of us. We start with our own set of inborn traits. Some of our qualities are beautiful with strains of gold. Some are blemished with fault lines of gray. Our circumstances, IQ, environment and parental influence can mold our personalities. No wonder we didnt get along! Yes. Each one of us is unique. We started out with a combination of ingredients that made us different from others. We cant imitate someone else... for we are opposite in personalities and interest in life. As we understand ourselves and become true to our own natures, we automatically develop a new acceptance for those people who dont see things our way and who wish to live in a style contrary to our perceptions. And it did happen to me when a thing does not work out in the way I want it to be. It causes us to accept others and ourselves realistically, and it shows us to anticipate problems and handle them before they happen. Circumstances come on my walk exploring life. I cannot tell you how many times I have been really hurt by friends. In each one of us are good and bad we have traits that produces negative responses in others. Quite often the same characteristics can be both a plus and a minus, according to degree, that positives arrived to extremes becomes negative. But even if how much you try just to be pleasing with them and sometimes you already go with the flow, yet it is not enough and still you are being misinterpreted. I know, each one of us has a hero blood wit hin our veins, and how excit...

English-German Food and Drink Glossary

English-German Food and Drink Glossary An Annotated Glossary forDining, Food and DrinkWith Eating Phrasebook KEY: Noun genders:  r  (der,  masc.),  e  (die,  fem.),  s  (das,  neu.)Plural form/ending  in parentheses:  e Vorspeise  (-n) appetizer(s)Abbreviations:  adj  (adjective),  adv  (adverb),  n  (noun),  pl  (plural),  v  (verb) A A A alcohol  r Alkoholalcoholic, containing alcohol  adj  alkoholischnon-alcoholic  adj  alkoholfrei almond  e Mandel  (-n) appetizer  e Vorspeise  (-n) apple  r Apfel  (Äpfel) apple cake  r Apfelkuchenapple cider  r Apfelsaft(hard) apple cider  r Apfelmostapple spritzer  e Apfelsaftschorle  (apple juice or cider mixed with sparkling mineral water; the standard  Schorle  found in southwest Germany is made with wine)applesauce  r Apfelmusapple strudel  r Apfelstrudelapple turnover, apple pie  e Apfeltascheapple wine  r ApfelweinCalled  Ebbelwei  or  Eppelwoi  in the local dialect, this fermented cider drink is a specialty of the Frankfurt am Main area. apricot  e Aprikose  (-n)apricot  e Marille  (-n)  in Austria, Bavaria artichoke  e Artischocke  (-n) asparagus  r Spargel  (-)asparagus soup  e Spargelsuppe  (-n) aubergine, eggplant  e Aubergine B B B bacon  r Speckbacon and eggs  Eier mit Speck bake, roast  v  backen,  bratenbaked, roasted  adj  gebacken,  gebratenbaked apples  Bratpfel  plbaked potato  e Folienkartoffel,  gebackene Pellkartoffelfried sausage  e Bratwurstroasted chicken  s Backhendelbaking soda, baking powder  s Backpulver banana  e Banane  (-n) bar, pub  e Bar  (-s),  e Kneipe  (-n) barbecue, BBQ (cooking)  n  s Grillenbarbecue, BBQ (get-together)  n  s Grillfest,  e Grillpartybarbecue, BBQ (meat)  n  s Grillfleischbarbecue, BBQ  v  grillen,  am Spiess bratenbarbecue grill  n  r Grill basil (seasoning)  s Basilikum bean  e Bohne  (-n)green beans  grà ¼ne Bohnenkidney beans  rote Bohnenstring beans  weiße Bohnenbean coffee, real coffee  r Bohnenkaffee beef  s Rindfleischbeef  Rind- beef (in compounds) beer  s Bier  (-e)bottled beer  s Flaschenbier(a) dark beer  ein Dunklesdraft/draught beer  s Fassbier,  s Bier vom Fass(a) lager/light beer  ein Helleswheat beer  s Weizenbier bill, check  e Rechnung  (-en)Check, please!  Zahlen, bitte! bitters  r Magenbitter blackberry  e Brombeere  (-n) Black Forest cherry cake  e Schwarzwlderkirschtorte  (made with  Kirschwasser) blueberry  e Blaubeere  (-n) bock beer  s Bockbier bockwurst (sausage)  e Bockwurst boil  v  kochenboiled  adj  gekochta soft-boiled egg  ein weich gekochtes Eiboiled (adj.)  blau  (in salt and vinegar, usually fish) bottle  e Flasche  (-n)a bottle of wine  eine Flasche Weinbottled water  s Mineralwasser,  s Wasser aus der Flasche bouillon, broth  e (klare) Fleischbrà ¼he,  e Bouillonbouillon cube  r Brà ¼hwà ¼rfel bowl  e Schale  (-n),  e Schà ¼ssel  (-) brandy  r Weinbrand,  r Brandy bread  s Brot  (-e)There are over 200 kinds of German breadbread roll  s Brà ¶tchen  (-),  e Semmel  (-n) breaded veal cutlet  s Wiener Schnitzel  (-) breakfast  s Frà ¼hstà ¼ckeat/have breakfast  frà ¼hstà ¼cken broccoli  Brokkoli  pl broil  v  grillen butter  e Butter

Behavior Modification Essay Example

Behavior Modification Essay Example Behavior Modification Essay Behavior Modification Essay Behavior Modification BY db80 Exercising Behavior Modification Part 1: Identify Target Behavior (2 pt) a. What behavior are you going to attempt to modify? Target Behavior:_Amount of exercise each day. Part 2: Baseline (14 pts Total) Create a spreadsheet (i. e. table in excel) to document your baseline target behavior. Spreadsheet should include the following items: a. When does the behavior (remember thoughts are behavior) occur (time of day? day of week? weekends vs weekdays? )? (2 pts) See page 9. b. When the behavior occurs, how long does it endure? (2 pts) See page 9. c. How intense is the behavior (e. g. re you sprinting or Jogging when running)? (2 pts) This category was not always applicable for my observation because many times my behavior was exhibited in thoughts. These thoughts did not have an intensity; therefore, I only recorded intensity during my work out. d. Frequency of the behavior: Is the behavior occurring per hour, per day, per week, per year (select the single most meaningful period of time). (2 pts) I left this part of my spreadsheet blank because my goal was to have the behavior occur more often every week and since it occurred multiple times a day I chose to leave it blank to make the spreadsheet asier to understand. . Where does the behavior occur? (2 pts) f. What was present or occurring 5-10 minutes prior to the behavior? (2 pts) See page 9. g. What was present or occurring within 2-3 minutes after the behavior? (2 pts) See page 9. Part 3: Functional Assessment (19 pts Total) While monitoring the baseline of your target behavior, reflect on the following questions. a. What is the pattern that the behavior displays? (3 pts) The behavior happens more often when I am looking at Instagram. My Instagram contains pictures of fitness and fashion models who strictly control their diet and exercise. It seems that the majority of times I engage in looking at my Instagram, I feel guilty or unsatisfied with my body. I think about fitness soon after I wake up and near the time I am getting ready to sleep. b. Does the location of the behavior have any meaning or purpose? Is the behavior only at home? at school? in the presence of particular persons or objects? )? (3 pts) The behavior happens most frequently at home. The presence of particular persons does not seem to have any affect. c. Is there anything significant about what or who was present around the time of the behavior? 3 pts) The behavior happens when I am reminded of working out. This occurred when I passed the gym and when I see pictures or videos on my phone of people training. d. Describe in very specific behavioral terms what ONE instance of the behavior looks like. Describe it so an actor could display the exact behavior. Relate what was said as well as what was done and with what. Even seemingly insignificant actions could provide a clue for moderating the behavior. (10 pts) One instance when the behavior occurs is when I sit down in class before the class starts. I choose a seat, set all my materials on my desk and then take out my phone to pass the time. I first start browsing through Instagram and track some of the fitness models fitness progress through their photos. I am fully invested in the pictures and do not pay attention to what is going on around me. I start to compare myself to the fitness models I see in the photos and begin to doubt my ability to change my body. The more I look, the guiltier and unsatisfied I feel. I then convince myself that there is no point in living a life so filled with restrictions and turn off my phone. Part 4: Intervention (32 pts Total) Identify potential interventions and select one or several that match the target behavior. . Identify and explain category of target behavior: (2 pts) My target behavior falls in the category of increasing or strengthening an existing behavior. I am already very familiar with exercising and used to be a competitive tennis player who trained six to seven days a week. When I stopped playing tennis competitively, I stopped training. In order to increase my exercise I will need to positively reinforce myself whenever I exercise. reinforcers are positive reinforcers. These will include both social reinforcement and automatic reinforcement. My social reinforcement will be praise that I receive from riends and family. My automatic reinforcement will be how good I feel when I see progress (Miltenberger, 2012). c. Specify the conditions under which reinforcement can be earned: (3 pts) I will earn my social reinforcement when I show my progress pictures to my family and friends every week, it will also come from my trainer when I attend group workouts. My automatic reinforcement will be when I step on the scale or finish a work out. . Apply intervention. Persist with intervention for a minimum of two weeks. e. Create another spreadsheet and continue to collect data throughout the two weeks(10 pts) See page 10. a. When does the behavior (remember thoughts are behavior) occur (time of day? day of week? weekends vs weekdays? )? (2 pts) See page 10. b. When the behavior occurs, how long does it endure? (2 pts) See page 10. my behavior was exhibited in tho ughts. These thoughts did not have an intensity, therefore I only recorded intensity during my work out. d. Frequency of the behavior: Is the behavior occurring per hour, per day, per week, per year (select the single most meaningful period of time). (2 pts) I left this part of my spreadsheet blank because my goal was to have the behavior occur more often every week and since it occurred ultiple times a day I chose to leave it blank to make the spreadsheet easier to understand. e. Where does the behavior occur? (2 pts) See page 10. 10. page 10. Part 5: Evaluating the Intervention (18 pts) a. Graph the baseline and results from intervention. Include 2 graphs. Each graph should include your baseline data and your intervention data. (8 pts) See page 1 1 and 12. b. Evaluate the results and reach conclusions. In each case, elaborate on the elements that worked well and those that did not. Evaluate the stages of the project and identify what was learned about changing the behavior that would be helpful if ou were going to do this project again. (10 pts) The intervention was successful as shown by both spreadsheets and both graphs. The baseline study shows that I spent a large majority of my time thinking about exercising without actually exercising. This seemed to be tied into my continuous following of fitness models on Instagram. The more I looked at the success stories of these women, the more inadequate I felt. I chose to employ positive social reinforcement because it is a strong motivator for me. I knew that self-management would be an issue for me because I tend to strive for eason I chose to have positive social reinforcement, if it is controlled by a person other than me, I am more likely to complete the task to gain the reward. During the intervention, I Joined a group work out that consisted of women who work with my boyfriend. I wanted to give myself the added pressure of the women knowing my boyfriend to help me stay committed to attending the group. The first week of the intervention the graph shows that the second half of the week my exercise time drastically increases. These results coincide with when I start my group sessions. The praise from my partners and my trainer encouraged me to try other forms of exercise on my own. I had the added reinforcement of later being able to tell my trainer that I trained on my own and again receive praise. The spreadsheet for my week one and two of intervention also so a decrease in the amount of time I spend looking at Instagram. I believe that my more positive attitude due to the workouts translated in me wanting to compare myself to radical fitness competitors. However, I did fail to stay committed to keeping progress pictures. This prevented me from receiving the additional reinforcement of self- atisfaction through progress. This failure did not stop me from feeling as if I made progress with my physical fitness. I also ended up relying on my boyfriend for a lot of reinforcement. I asked him how I look and if he sees progress, on an almost daily basis. I did not account for scheduling difficulties and feel that if I had, my intervention would have shown even stronger results. The holidays and family celebrations made training and eating a healthy meal extremely difficult. I also learned that it would have been helpful to document when I had thoughts of how I look and whether those houghts are positive or negative. Another element that I would add if I were to do the project again, is to be more aware of my activity on Instagram. The charts and spreadsheets show a relationship between my body image and the amount of time spent on the social media application. References Beck-Ellsworth, D. (2013). Behavior Modification [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from University of California, San Diego Psyc 154 FA13 Blackboard site. Miltenberger, R. G. (2012). Behavior modification: principles and procedures (5th Ed. ). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.

It has been argued that Mills theory as advanced in On Liberty is Essay

It has been argued that Mills theory as advanced in On Liberty is flawed because of its failure to consider poverty and other social constraints. To what extent do you agree with this view - Essay Example It enlightens people on how the weaker people are preyed upon by those stronger I the society leading to some people having their right of liberty being violated. Mill in this theory describes the various factors that affect the liberty of people. Although Mill states several issues that arise when liberty is talked about, his theory can be termed as imperfect since he fails to consider poverty and social constraints. He does not show how social constrains and poverty influences the liberty of an individual or a society (Weir, 2007:34). The argument on the theory being imperfect is a solid one since poverty is one of the things that can lead to one being deprived on their liberty. From the essay, the people started to see that it was better if some of the magistrates and the governors of the states were tenants to them. This was better because they would not abuse the offices since the tenant hood was revocable anytime (Mill, 2002:47). But then, this would only be possible for those that were wealthy enough to be landlords and landladies, meaning that the poor in this society would not benefit from this kind of setting. These people are forced to submit to the governors and magistrates even when they are not harming anybody since this people that are in power see that they have nothing to lose because they are not tenants to the poor. Mill did not look at what would happen to the poor and therefore he did not include poverty in this theory, and thus rendering it flawed. Those living under high poverty conditions fa il to see that the government’s opinion is also their opinion and therefore their liberty is at risk. According to John Stuart Mill, the liberty does not just apply to adults only, but also apply to children and all those that are in a state in which they require to be protected against harming themselves. At times, the poor are ignorant and therefore they rarely take care of such people and the children and therefore

Astronomy Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Astronomy - Term Paper Example Moreover, the discovery by these spacecrafts of Jupiter’s gravity changing as well as the decrease in the number of volcanic eruptions in Io, a moon of Jupiter, led scientists to be more interested in an in-depth Jupiter exploration. Therefore, the Galileo mission was devised, whereby not only would the spacecraft orbit Jupiter, studying its environment in great detail, but it would also carry a probe that would be launched into Jupiter’s clouds and collect data. About eight hundred people worked on the Galileo mission, as per NASA’s statistics. The Galileo arrived at Jupiter approximately six years later on 7th December 1995. The spacecraft was 17 feet high, with a magnetometer boom that extended 36 feet to one side. It weighed a total of 2,223 kilograms, inclusive of the 118 kilograms of scientific instruments and 925 kilograms of propellants. The scientific instruments it carried, as listed in NASA’s website about the spacecraft, included a solid-state imaging camera, a near-infrared mapping spectrometer, an ultraviolet spectrometer, a photopolarimeter radiometer, a magnetometer, an energetic particles detector, a plasma investigation, a plasma wave subsystem, a dust detector and a heavy ion counter. The atmospheric probe that was to be launched in the atmosphere of Jupiter was 50 inches in diameter and 36 inches tall, and weighed 339 kilograms. It is noteworthy that the Galileo did not carry enough fuel for it to be able to fly directly to Jupiter; therefore, the scientists devised a technique whereby the spacecraft would be able to borrow energy from Earth as well as Venus to enable it to reach Jupiter. The flight path that was devised was named â€Å"VEEGA† – Venus-Earth-Earth Gravity Assist. The spacecraft was to be slingshot into gathering enough momentum to be able to reach Jupiter. It was a pioneering method and it was successful. The Galileo not only made new discoveries with regards to Jupiter and

Only conduct a paragraph(250words) for a topic given Coursework

Only conduct a paragraph(250words) for a topic given - Coursework Example or example teachers, during tutoring sessions, can give feedback to students verbally, which in turn, enables students improve on their accuracy and nurture their confidence (Smith, 1997, Ferris and Robert, 2001) . Peers can also make significant contributions to the students’ writing development , by proving the student writers with a glimpse of reader-based feedback on their writing efforts (Black et al., 2003, Yang et al., 2006). Without feedback, there is little learning. Ferris and Roberts (2001) reported that students who received feedback, whichever form, improved their writing. However, the worth of teacher feedback in writing, particularly, in second language writing classes, has been subject to controversy (Ferris, 2004). If feedback is given students at the end of students’ writing, the students do not find the comments invaluable, as intended by the teacher(s). Few students are interested in incorporating the feedback to already graded work (Black et al., 20 03, Peterson, 2010). Therefore, feedback only becomes significant to writing development, if it is given in the beginning and middle stages (Peterson, 2010). A study has revealed that most students rely on teacher feedback, without necessarily understand their significance, in part, because the teachers are authoritative (Yang et al., 2006). In some cases, the teacher’s written comments are illegible (Lee, 2008),making it hard for the students to understand. FERRIS, D., R. 2004. The ‘‘Grammar Correction’’ Debate in L2 Writing :Where are we, and where do we go from here?(and what do we do in the meantime...?). Journal of Second Language Writing 13, 49-62. PETERSON, S. S. 2010. Improving Stdent Writing: Using Feedback as a Teaching Tool. What Works: Research Into Practice. A research-into-practice series produced by a partnership between the Literacy and Numeracy Secretariat and the Ontario Association of Deans of

Consumer behaviour in tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Consumer behaviour in tourism - Essay Example The tourism industry mediated by tour operators traditionally came in vogue as a pillaring economic institution during mid nineteenth century with the inception of Thomas Cook, set up by a British entrepreneur. However, the industry underwent a rapid development with the progress of the travel industry spurred by the expansion of airlines between 1950s and 1960s. But it attained popularity only in developed markets of Europe given the heavy expenditure associated with foreign and even domestic tours. Eventually, the travel industry realised the opportunity cost of flying expensive crafts and hence decided to invest in inexpensive ones which were linked with reasonably priced tickets and hence were affordable (Middleton & Hawkins, 1998, p. 184). According to Rostow’s model of economic growth and development, evolution of the traditional tourism industry could be categorised under four phases, namely, the stage of take-off, maturity and finally that of mass consumption (Cavlek, 2005, p. 177). Development of the tourism sector primarily had been initiated by war stricken nations to recuperate their respective economies out of the impending financial crunch during the post World War II era. Such a development could actually assist in foreign exchange income which could help in propping up the dwindling treasury position of the recipient nation. The World Trade Organisation recognises the importance of tourism for the developing economies in order to abolish wide spread poverty.

The cost of short selling Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

The cost of short selling - Term Paper Example A short sale, in general, requires loaning a security and comprises two parties- the borrower and the lender. Stock lending can take place directly or through intermediate agents. The fee for lending is a factor of market demand and supply; low supply or high demand raises the fees. It is said that short selling also influences the market price of a stock; for this reason the regulatory bodies restrict short selling in times of depressed market conditions. Another argument that goes against short sale is the high costs associated with it in the form of margin interest, commission and bid/ask spread. Other than these short selling is also exposed to dangers like unlimited losses, uptick rule etc. Other proxies are available in the market such as options that can replicate short selling and are also said to be less costly. Short selling costs Collateral and margin requirements- Short selling a stock is the opposite of going long on a stock in a â€Å"margin account†. An investor borrows the shares from the brokerage firm. As the seller does not own the stock he has to furnish collateral such as T-bills or cash (AIMA Canada, 2007). These serve the margin requirements of short selling. The amount which the investor has to deposit in the account at the point of initiation of sale is known as ‘initial margin’. ... a total of $13500 (Investopedia, 2010). Bid and ask spread- In a stock quote there are two prices- bid and ask. In the case of a short sale an ordinary investor sells the security at the bid rate. For this kind of investor the broker transmits the order to the stock exchange. At this point the market maker or specialist sells the stock and makes a profit equivalent to difference between the bid and ask rate referred to as ‘spread’. Suppose the bid and ask of Microsoft is $25.95 and $26.05 respectively. Then on a short sale the market maker will enjoy a spread of 10 cents. The profits earned on each trade may be small but the market maker can make huge profits in the case of bulk trading volumes. The amount shelled out as ‘spread’ is borne by the ordinary investor. The ordinary investors fail to realize this and place trade using market orders. In this kind of trade an investor may not get a good return on trade. Margin interest- Most of the firms charge an i nterest on the amount of securities shorted in an account. Going by the low rate of interest this may appear to be small but this can in due course add up with time. Suppose if an investor shorts $8000 worth of security ABC and the interest charged on the account is 6 percent then the investor will have to pay $480 as fees for that year. In the case of highly liquid stocks an investor can also ask for waiver of margin interest. Commissions- The amount paid as commission varies as per discount brokerage firms and full service. An investor has to pay a higher rate of commission in the case of full service brokerage on account of the personal counselling and guidance. But this may not prove to be always

Consumer behaviour in tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Consumer behaviour in tourism - Essay Example The tourism industry mediated by tour operators traditionally came in vogue as a pillaring economic institution during mid nineteenth century with the inception of Thomas Cook, set up by a British entrepreneur. However, the industry underwent a rapid development with the progress of the travel industry spurred by the expansion of airlines between 1950s and 1960s. But it attained popularity only in developed markets of Europe given the heavy expenditure associated with foreign and even domestic tours. Eventually, the travel industry realised the opportunity cost of flying expensive crafts and hence decided to invest in inexpensive ones which were linked with reasonably priced tickets and hence were affordable (Middleton & Hawkins, 1998, p. 184). According to Rostow’s model of economic growth and development, evolution of the traditional tourism industry could be categorised under four phases, namely, the stage of take-off, maturity and finally that of mass consumption (Cavlek, 2005, p. 177). Development of the tourism sector primarily had been initiated by war stricken nations to recuperate their respective economies out of the impending financial crunch during the post World War II era. Such a development could actually assist in foreign exchange income which could help in propping up the dwindling treasury position of the recipient nation. The World Trade Organisation recognises the importance of tourism for the developing economies in order to abolish wide spread poverty.

Character appraisal of green college conservation area and management Essay

Character appraisal of green college conservation area and management plan - Essay Example Conservation area is the government’s solution to save the English heritage sites that are at most risk of being lost in perpetuity (Heritage at Risk 2012). Development brings change. In the case of designated conservation areas, change is still inevitable. This important designation promotes change using manageable strategies that enhance the area and ensures that the new developments do not harm its present character recognised for the area’s special buildings and historic interest. This is implemented by giving additional controls over the demolition of buildings, minor developments and the loss of trees (A guide to living in a conservation area 2012; Effects of Conservation Area Designation 2012). Understanding the significance of historic buildings, streets and spaces is of utmost importance thus, assessment and recognition of historic areas are vital to the planning process. Including property in a conservation area benefits its character and tends to sustain property values due to the extra protection from insensitive development (Effects of Conservation Area Designation 2012). To provide an overview of planning policies and propose management guidelines that will ensure the preservation and protection of the characters of College Green conservation area in the myriad forms of urban development occurring within Bristol. The Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 is the Act of Parliament in the United Kingdom that empowered the designation of Conservation Areas and allowed the planning permission that relates to Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas. These are the sections relevant to Conservation Areas: â€Å"Section 69 (1) Every Council—(a) shall from time to time determine which parts of their area are areas of special architectural or historic interest the character or appearance of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance, and (b) shall designate those

Pre-Modern Appalachian Essay Example for Free

Pre-Modern Appalachian Essay 1. How is Appalachia statistically different from the rest of America in terms of income, health, home-ownership and educational statistics? The Appalachian statistics includes the states of West Virginia, Virginia, Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Maryland, Mississippi, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina and Tennessee. In these states 13.3 million people are living in poverty according to U.S. Census Bureau. The number of people in the region who did not have health insurance last year fell to 13.6 million from 13.7 million from the year before, and median incomes were up in all Appalachian states, where the median income ranged from a little over 36,000 in Mississippi to 68,080 in Maryland. (Appalachia Statistics, 2008). Nationally, the homeowner and rental Vacancy rate in 2010 were 2.4% and 9.2%. During the decade, the homeowner vacancy rate is increased 0.7% points, while the rental vacancy rate increased 2.3% points. (U.S. Census Bureau). The 2006 Mayor’s conference found that 51% of people who became homeless the year before were single men, 30% , were single women, 17% were families with children, and 2% wee un-accompanied youth. As reported in the â€Å"State of the South 1998†, the increased number of single parent homes, decreasing educational participation by males, high dropout rate, low numbers of bachelor’s degrees, the aging population and the changing workplace needs while Kentucky has made progress in the elementary and secondary area. Also post- secondary education and adult education/ the state still lags behind with too many under-educated adults. (South, 1998). 2. What does World System Theory contribute to our understanding of Appalachian distinctiveness? Social cognitive career theory provides a theoretical understanding of how cultural differences, resources, and barriers affect the vocational choices and actions of individuals from minority populations. (Bennett). By changing circumstances and recognizing career choices, can be limited by access to opportunities, personal obligations, and social barriers. Also, people living with severe constraints, such as transportation, communication, due to lack of employment opportunities. ( World-Systems). Regions under-development was due to its isolation from the modern world. Cherokee culture reacted to and was changed by incorporation, followed by a discussion of the ways in which capitalist values came to change social relations between in habitants of the world. World System is seen as an invaluable interpretive tool for reformulating the historiography of this region. Identification Terms: 1. Appalachian stereotypes in film- Appalachia is portrayed as stupid, ignorant, inbred people in society and has been the butt of jokes in movies, TV shows, comic books, cartoons, books, television and radio. This is where negative stereotypes reinforce negative attitude of the Appalachia Mountains and the people. Best way to explain: Jed, on the Clampets, found oil on his land shooting at a possum and the rich west coast banker and out of state corporation, made him rich! Truth is, Jed didn’t get a dime, they flashed a mineral deed at him and had the sheriff come and lock him off his own land. His children did have to leave to find work that much is true. This is how the mass media and the public view us as if we are so ignorant that they can steal our land, blow up entire mountains and turn our creeks orange on every western on television. 2. Development- To develop opportunities in life, jobs, advancement, education for betterment. We, as a society, also develop relationships with our children, parents, friends on a daily basis. It addresses issues of concern to developing countries relating to social and economic development. Development can also refer to land use, science and technology, social science, international and regional, Business and professionally, music. In the Appalachian Mountains, development would refer to change in the environment, family life and jobs. 3. The Ozarks- Native American people first inhabited the Ozarks 12,000 years ago. The Spanish arrived in 1500s, native people- Osage, Missouri, Illinois, Caddo tribe. French pioneers became the first permanent settlers but Scott Irish settlers who migrated from Appalachia eventually dominated the Ozarks and created a Appalachian culture. The Ozarks are located in the southern portion of the United States and occupies territory in the states of Kansas, Oklahoma, Missouri and Arkansa. 4. Bushwhacker- In Kentucky, we consider a bushwhacker as a person who lays in wait to rob or kill you or both. A person who is up to no good and is usually going to jail often is a bushwhacker for stealing cattle in every western I have ever seen. A guerrilla fighter named after William C. Quantrill of the Civil War. He led an attack on 150 people, who were shot, killed, or burned to death. His men were considered outlaws by Union forces, but they became an official Confederate troop in August of 1862. William Quantrill was considered the leader of what was to be called,,† Quantrill’s Bushwhackers†. 5. Scotch-Irish- They migrated from Appalachia eventually dominated the Ozarks and created an Appalachian culture. They were considered the primary heritage of people of Celtic culture Scotts, Scotts Irish. 6. Pre-modernity- Pre-modernity tended to see the events of life as being the result of the laws of nature, laws that could be understood by reason or rationality. In Appalachia, you can find people who tend to live according to many cultural values of the Celtics. Christians are more likely to be seen in and out of church and compartmentalize their lives. Living in clusters and developing their own communities where they live by whatever the laws of nature give them and be able to rationalize the reason. 7. Internalization- To incorporate the cultural values, motives of another or group as thru learning with socialization. In school, students have accepted multi- cultural education more when they think their peers accept inter-racial dating. Working or spending time with people from other races can lower one’s level of prejudice. Smith and Bylunds ,(1983) survey found that Appalachians are less likely to believe that racism is a large problem in the United States. Appalachian students may be less receptive to multicultural education. 8. Encyclopedia of Appalachian- Is the first encyclopedia dedicated to the region, people, culture, history, and geography of Appalachia. The encyclopedia has a collection of history, artifacts, and folklore and cultural and behavior patterns of the mountains. Included are history of the first settlers and ancestors and how they lived and raised their families. 9. Appalachian Museum/Norris Tennessee- The museum is located in the town of Norris in Anderson County. They offer viewing of a collection of historic buildings filled with artifacts and folk lore associated with Appalachian. It was established by John Rice Irwin on 65 acreas. The museum has been featured in national travel magazines, the Smithsonian magazine, and national and international newspapers. One of the most popular events, such as â€Å"Christmas in Old Appalachian, which attracts hundreds of Appalachian people who are musicians and craftspeople will introduce you to the cultures, beliefs, craft-making, making of foods and jelly. 10. Settlement patterns- Appalachia was slow to develop any substantial urban pattern. It shared with the rest of the south an emphasis on agriculture-that continued after other regions of the country had begun their rush toward manufacturing and urban living. People tended to stay where they were, and as time passed they became attached to the land, family and community. Film: A hidden America-Children of the Mountains, a documentary on 20/20/ABC News. Feb. 10, 2009. For two years, Diana Sawyer followed four Appalachian children who sleep in vehicles, avoid thievery, alcoholism and despair of their family and conditions surrounding the family. What they did not emphasize was that one boy was determined to better himself and he got a scholarship from football to attend college. Or the mother who walked 16 miles roundtrip, four hours total to get her GED. Which she did!!!!!! Or men who work 9 to 12 hours, 6 days a week underground despite the safety concern since it is the best paying job in the region. Also there are teachers, social workers, doctors and dentists reaching out and helping a population isolated by steep hills and lack of transport. They even showed a dentist who had converted a bus and traveled into the mountains to pull teeth, educate people on the importance of dental care. But what was discussed was the reason so many teeth had to be pulled out was that they drank too much mountain dew. This was stereotyping at its finest!!!!Most people I have ever known that was so poor that they couldn’t travel to the dentist, certainly didn’t have money to buy soda for themselves and their kids. It was usually† soupbeans and taters†!

Major Contemporary Issue Affecting Organisational Behaviour Today Commerce Essay

Major Contemporary Issue Affecting Organisational Behaviour Today Commerce Essay According to Griffin and Moorhead (2012), Organisational behaviour is the study of human behaviour in organisational settings, of the interface between human behaviour and organisation, and of the organisation itself. As Knights and Willmott (2007) pointed out, in order to have a comprehensive knowledge and understanding of organisational behaviour as a field of study, the three areas that make up organisational behaviour must be studied together. These areas include human behaviour, the relationship between human behaviour and organisations, and the organisation itself. And they must be analysed from three points of view which are individual, as team or group and as an organisation. Question 6. Choose a major contemporary issue affecting organisational behaviour today..Discuss its practical implications for managing peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Murray, Poole and Jones (2006) are of the view that, with the ever increasing globalisation of the continents of the world, organisational culture, product and production diversification, teamwork, information technology, flexible working practices are regarded as some of the current issues affecting organisations. For the purpose of detailed analysis and word count, I have decided to pick organisational culture as one of the contemporary issues to discuss. Organisational culture: Every organisation has a culture and it is this culture that defines the performance as well as the excellence of the organisation as a whole. Over the past years, organisational culture has been researched in order to get to its dept on how it affects both customers and employees. According to Ravasi and Schultz (2006) organizational culture is a set of shared mental assumptions that guide interpretation and action in organizations by defining appropriate behaviour for various situations. Organizational culture play an important role in every organization because it portrays the organizations values, norms, beliefs, systems, working language and habits. Therefore, priority should be given to organizational culture because it defines the companys image (Mullins, 2007). It is necessary to understand the concept of organisational culture by typologies and classifications. Handy (1982) pointed out four types of culture that would help in the understanding and classifications of organisational culture and they include personal culture, risk, role and power. As suggested by Scholtz (1987), stable, reactive, anticipating, exploring and creative are used to describe the typologies of organisational culture. To be able to point out the functions of organisational culture, it is necessary to know the determinants of organisational culture. In an article entitled (building organisational culture that stimulates creativity and innovation), Martins (2003) stated that the determinants of organisational culture are structure, support mechanisms, behaviour that encourages innovation and open communication. Kilmann, Saxton Serpa (1986) pointed out the following functions of organisational culture. Organisational culture help organisations stand out which distinguishes them from other organisations hence, their identity is portrayed. It also encourages stability in organisations. Employees and leaders in organisations could be changed but a relative stability is maintained over a period of time as organisational culture is passed on from generations to generations. An organisation with a strong culture could have competitive advantage in the marketplace if it keeps abiding on its culture (Brown 1998). Organisational culture has great implications on both the employees and the company as a whole. For example, Hewlett Packard advised HP employees to develop 3 personal and 3 organisational goals that they would like to achieve each year as a change of their culture. After two years into this new system of culture, HP reported that there was no loss in productivity even when some employees were working shorter hours and more employees were able to be retained. Question 1: Advantages and disadvantages of working as part of a team for the Individual. There is no definite definition of team but as Mckenna(2012) pointed out, a team could be described as a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to a common purpose, common performance, and a common approach for which they hold themselves mutually accountable. Advantages As suggested by Mckenna(2012), one of the advantages of working as part of a team for the individual is the motivation he/she gets from the members of the team to accomplish their tasks. Usually, members of the team are motivated when they work with the thought that other members of the team are depending on them for the objective of the team to be achieved. With such thought in their minds, the individual tend to be motivated unlike when he/she works alone, there is no one to motivate him/her (Cole, 2005). Cole (2005) is of the view that when individuals get together as a team different abilities and experience would be showcased by individuals towards achieving team objectives. These are some of the different abilities that would be seen in an individual: people with leadership spirit, good planners, thinkers, ideas person and humorists, those with technical or professional knowledge, those with good communication skills. This would help an individual to express his/her ability as a dormant ability would definitely quench if it is not put to work. Another advantage of a team for an individual working in team is the experience gotten from it. Working in a team help individuals to gain experience. Especially with the different abilities and approaches each members of the team used in tackling a problem. Although he/she might not be an expert in the application of such ability but they would have gained that experience and would be able to apply it when they encounter such tasks again in the future (McKenna, 2012). Disadvantages As pointed out by Koontz and Wiehrich (2008), one of the disadvantages of working as part of a team for the individual is the teams goals and objectives that must be achieved. An individual cannot work towards achieving personal goals because whatever task he/she has been allocated to in a group must be accomplished with the aim of meeting the groups objectives. In other words, he/she must give up personals goals and work towards group goals hence, organisational goals and objectives is the priority and not personal goals (Prakken, 2000). Barker and Angelopulo (2007) is of the view that working in a team consumes time. This is because every member must be given an opportunity to speak in a meeting which would take a while for the team to arrive at a conclusion. Also, since time is money, it may cost an individual to work as part of a team and such costs could involve transportation, lodging and other overhead costs(Mukherjee and Basu, 2005) Conflicts within a team are usually problems for an individual. This is because it demoralises an individual, reduce his/her motivation towards accomplishing the task allocated as well as reduce communications to other members of the team hence, the level of individual cooperation with the team would drop which may lead to unaccomplished mission for the individual as well as the team (Mukherjee and Basu, 2005). 5. An employees individual personality has no part to play in his/her day to day behaviour at work..Its not something employers need to worry about. Critically evaluate this statement. There are four main drivers that influence the behaviour of an individual personality hence, they have a great effect on the performance of an employee at work. This means employers need to take cognisance of this if they want to receive the best performance of their employees. The following are the four drivers, namely self motivation of employees, employees ability, employees role perceptions and situational factors (Miller, Vandome and John, 2010). According to Miller, Vandome and John (2010), Motivation refers to the internal forces that affect the direction, intensity and persistence of a persons voluntary choice of behaviour. McShane and Von Glinow(2003) were of the view that direction refers to the path on which employees channel their strengths towards achieving the organisational goals. Intensity refers to the degree of effort or the level of seriousness employees have applied towards achieving organisational goals. And persistence is refers to how long an employee is willing and able to put his/her time in order to achieve organisational goals (Miller, Vandome and John, 2010). Employers need to take note of employees that have direction, intensity and the ones that are persistent in what they want to achieve as they have great implications in the performance of each employee. According to McShane and Von Glinow (2003), ability refers to both the natural aptitudes and the learned capabilities required to successfully complete a task. Employers should look for such type of people to employ in their organisations. This is because they are people that have natural skills to learn things quickly; also they are people that have acquired experiences which makes them competent for any task allocated to them (miller, Vandome and John, 2010). As McShane and Von Glinow (2003) pointed out in (Organisational Behaviour), role perceptions has to do with the level to which an employee understands the role or tasks he/she suppose to perform in an organisation. This also involves the employee understanding the the importance of these tasks to the organisation and the behaviour he/she will use to accomplish such tasks (Taderera, 2010). Taderera (2010) is of the view that situational factors refers to conditions especially environmental factors from outside the organisation that affect an employee such as consumer preferences economic factors and environmental factors such as time, people, budget and work facilities. Usually, these environmental factors are beyond the control of an employee especially in the short run (McShane and Von Glinow, 2003). This means that employers need to tackle and arrange these factors in such a way that they wont interfere or interrupt the performance of their employees.

The Color Of Water by James Mc Bride Essay -- essays research papers

â€Å"Black Power†, the word alone raises an abundance of controversial issues. Black power was a civil rights movement led by the black panthers which addressed several issues including segregation and racism. Black power had a different meaning to every member of the Mc Bride family, Ruth and James both looked at black power from a different angle. In â€Å"The Color of Water†, The author James Mc Bride admired the black panthers at first, but slowly he grew afraid of them after fearing the consequences his mother might face for being a white woman in a black community influenced by black power. James’ worries were baseless, black power’s motive was to educate and improve African American communities not to create havoc or to harm members of the white community. There was a time in James’ life when he was thrilled to see member’s of the black panther. James’ states â€Å"But our favorite was a gleaming black, souped-up GTO with the words â€Å"Black Power† written in smooth white script across the hood and top†(26). James admired the owner of that car, He wanted black culture to be carried out and he seemingly loved â€Å"dap†, the black panther’s handshake. The media assured their viewers that the black panthers were a threat to whites anywhere ,Which planted a seed of fear in James’ mind. James was so afraid that he wouldn’t be able to sleep till his mother was home(33). James would sometimes find himself in situations where people would call his mother names for no apparent reason other than ...

History of Rwanda Essay -- Genocide in Rwanda, Politics

Colonial rule in Rwanda began in 1895. It was used as the primary force for governing during that time and led to the emergence of Rwanda’s national identity. During the colonial era German and Belgian officials regarded the Tutsi, Hutu, and Twa as three distinct national groups. The colonial authorities helped the Rwandan monarchy to centralize its control and expand their social system throughout the Rwandan territory. This eliminated the local social and political variations that had been established earlier in the pre-colonial period. By creating new state institutions in Rwanda, colonial officials were able to import the ideas of nationality associated with the modern nation-state. Ensuing social and political issues surround the idea of how Rwandan nationality should be defined. In other words, which ethnic groups should be considered â€Å"true† citizens of Rwanda? This concern is overshadowing the validity of Rwandan as a national identity. The three ethnic groups found within Rwanda come from a combination of a vast amount of immigration and several economic and social differences. Traditionally it is known that the Twa groups were the original inhabitants; the Hutu migrated from the west, and the Tutsi followed much later from the northeast. Each group naturally took on the language and most cultural practices found in Rwanda, although they implemented some of their own practices as well. The differentiation amongst the groups occurred only during the colonial period and stemmed mainly from European ideas about race and identity than from historic cultural patterns. Colonial administrators attempted to organize power in Rwanda along ethnic lines, and began instituting policies that made the Hutu pariahs and favored the Tuts... ...n support of the overall Government of Rwanda’s initiatives for development, the USAID aims to improve the health and living situations of Rwandans as well as increase the economic and political expansion. To achieve this, USAID tries to promote the improvement of maternal and child health, agriculture and tourism, a more democratic Rwanda, and providing food aid to those that suffer the most. The Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) (created by the Bush Administration in 2004) works toward granting foreign aid to countries in need. Currently the MCC has collaborated with the USAID to obtain approval of the Threshold Country Plan submitted by the Government of Rwanda in November 2007. Once approved, the plan will be put into use by USAID and will focus on amplifying the forms of justice found in Rwanda; along with civic participation, and human and civil rights. History of Rwanda Essay -- Genocide in Rwanda, Politics Colonial rule in Rwanda began in 1895. It was used as the primary force for governing during that time and led to the emergence of Rwanda’s national identity. During the colonial era German and Belgian officials regarded the Tutsi, Hutu, and Twa as three distinct national groups. The colonial authorities helped the Rwandan monarchy to centralize its control and expand their social system throughout the Rwandan territory. This eliminated the local social and political variations that had been established earlier in the pre-colonial period. By creating new state institutions in Rwanda, colonial officials were able to import the ideas of nationality associated with the modern nation-state. Ensuing social and political issues surround the idea of how Rwandan nationality should be defined. In other words, which ethnic groups should be considered â€Å"true† citizens of Rwanda? This concern is overshadowing the validity of Rwandan as a national identity. The three ethnic groups found within Rwanda come from a combination of a vast amount of immigration and several economic and social differences. Traditionally it is known that the Twa groups were the original inhabitants; the Hutu migrated from the west, and the Tutsi followed much later from the northeast. Each group naturally took on the language and most cultural practices found in Rwanda, although they implemented some of their own practices as well. The differentiation amongst the groups occurred only during the colonial period and stemmed mainly from European ideas about race and identity than from historic cultural patterns. Colonial administrators attempted to organize power in Rwanda along ethnic lines, and began instituting policies that made the Hutu pariahs and favored the Tuts... ...n support of the overall Government of Rwanda’s initiatives for development, the USAID aims to improve the health and living situations of Rwandans as well as increase the economic and political expansion. To achieve this, USAID tries to promote the improvement of maternal and child health, agriculture and tourism, a more democratic Rwanda, and providing food aid to those that suffer the most. The Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) (created by the Bush Administration in 2004) works toward granting foreign aid to countries in need. Currently the MCC has collaborated with the USAID to obtain approval of the Threshold Country Plan submitted by the Government of Rwanda in November 2007. Once approved, the plan will be put into use by USAID and will focus on amplifying the forms of justice found in Rwanda; along with civic participation, and human and civil rights.

Arctic Mining Consultants Essay

This particular case looks into how Arctic Mining Consultants’ crew did not effectively do their job in Eagle Lake, Alaska. Tom Parker is a geological field technician and field coordinator for the company. He acted as the project manager on the job near Eagle Lake, Alaska. His crew of field assistants consisted of John Talbot, Greg Boyce, and Brian Millar. Tom had worked with all three field assistants before. Tom has specialized skills in claim staking, line cutting and grid installation, soil sampling, prospecting, and trenching. This particular job involved skating 15 claims, which consist of marking a line with flagging tape and blazes along the perimeter of the claim. A claim post is cut every 500 yards, meaning 60 miles in line total. Tom hoped to complete the job in a week, and offered the field assistants each a $300 bonus if it was completed in time. This would be added to their fairly low daily wages. As the job progressed, tension was thick because the deadline was approaching. The field assistants were working long days, and two of them were continually not meeting Tom’s expectations. Tom particularly took his frustrations out on Millar. Key Issues The field assistants are given little motivation to work hard. They are paid fairly low daily wages and are putting in long days. Tom Parker does not offer positive encouragement either, yelling and making the field assistants feel bad could make them care less about the job. The field assistants are provided meals and accommodations, but even Tom admitted that a lot was expected of them in a short amount of time. Tom Parker is not a good leader. He is the one who does the hiring, training and supervising for all of Arctic Mining Consultants programs. It could be possible he is not properly training field assistants to thoroughly meet his expectations. Tom Parker, on more then one occasion, exploded with anger. He did not coach his team, he just yelled at them. If he was supervising there work on Day 3, he should have communicated with the field assistants and told them how to improve their work then. On Day 6, when the field assistants did show improvement, Parker did not give them any positive reinforcements. Also, even after Paker picked on only Millar for bad performance, he asked him to work for him again. The field assistants seem to have very different capabilities and attitudes. Boyce did not get picked on by Parker, but admitted to Millar that he only worked as hard as he had to. Boyce had the worst results of everyone. Talbot met his quota and stayed to help Boyce meet his. He was a team player. Millar put in more time and effort, by being the first one dropped off Day 6 and 7, last one picked up Day 6 and 7, and not taking lunch Day 5. He worked himself so hard, that he collapsed at dinner, to tired to eat. Define the Problem The key problem in this case is that Tom Parker is not a good leader. He is in charge of hiring, training, and supervising field assistants. Couldn’t the field assistants’ work be reflected on Tom because he did not properly train them? Also, Tom selected the field assistants for this job. He should have known what they were capable of before selecting them. He had worked with al of them before, so he should have had reasonable expectations for each of them. Tom also made a hostile working environment with much stress and little positivity. Alternative Solutions Solution 1: Tom needs to be retained as a project manager. Being a project manager means being a leader. Tom is not a good leader. An effective leader is one who leads by encouraging the employees and making them want to succeed, thereby making the organization meet and exceed its goals over time. (Thakur, 2005). Tom did not handle conflict well; he took his frustrations out on one particular field assistant. Relational leadership is one form of effective leadership. Relational leadership centers around person-to-person relationships. One of the significant components of all relationships is how conflict is handled. (Ferch & Mitchell, 2011). The advantage of retaining Tom to gain leadership skills would be that Tom potentially could more effectively train field assistants and make a better team dynamic. The disadvantage is that Arctic Mining Consultants would have to spend time and money to re train the trainer, Tom. It would be beneficial for him to develop new leadership skills, but it might be difficult not having a project manager. Solution 2: Tom and Arctic Mining Consultants should offer more incentives to his field assistants. It doesn’t even have to be monetary. Offering positive reinforcement for work well done would be beneficial to Tom and his team. â€Å"While money is important to employees, what tends to motivate them to perform – and to perform at higher levels – is the thoughtful, personal kind of recognition that signifies true appreciation for a job well done. (Eastern, 2012). The advantage of this solution would be that employees would feel better about the work they are doing, and feel good hen they excel. Field assistants would be working in a positive environment. The disadvantage would be employees would start to expect positive reinforcements and bonuses, feeling they are entitled to it. Solution 2: Hire new field assistants. Tom could more carefully select his field assistants for a job. He should do more research on candidates’ capabilities and experience if he has high expectations. The advantage of having a different team of field assistants would be that he could filter out those who do not meet expectations before hand. The negative side of hiring new field assistants is the time it would take to evaluate new candidates as field assistants. Selected Solution I believe the first solution would bee best to solve this case. Tom needs to reevaluate his leadership tactics. He does not communicate effectively with his crew. He needs to think of the crew working together like a team, and he is coach. Tom is not being effective by focusing on the negatives; he needs to analyze what is being done wrong, and coach field assistants to correct their problem. Implementation/Recommendations First, Arctic Mining Consultant should have Tom trains another potential project manager that already works for the company. The candidate should undergo some type of leadership training. Then Tom will engage in a leadership-training program. The candidate will be the project manager while Tom is absent. Then, the two project managers, Tom and candidate, will work as a team to direct field assistants. Tom needs a new outlook on his management style. Implementing this plan will help achieve that. This will also help make more effective work teams.

Problems and Benefits of Privatization of Public Sector Organizations in China Essay

Privatization as an important role of economy , has great contribution for all over the world. So what is privatization? Privatization means transfer of assets of economic activity from public sector to private sector, it has been seen by many governments as a means of revitalizing inefficient industries and as an opportunity to raise revenues to ease budgetary problems; however, privatization in China is very complicated. When reform started in 1978, almost of the productive assets were state-owned in China. But reforms since then have not included privatization. Today, there is more than 70 per cent of Chinese productive wealth which belongs to Chinese government. During the first 20 years of reform, the government concentrated the country’s assets with a great purpose of development which helped to achieve the creation of infrastructure and expansion of industrial capacity. We can image, if the state assets had been privatized, it would become a big trouble for China to mobilize resources during the tremendous industrialization between 1980s and 1990s.That’s why the initial marketization-without-privatization approach has been successful. Also because of that, China has emerged a robust infrastructure and become an industrialized economy. However, this industry-first, government-investment-driven and export-oriented growth model which has been highly resource intensive has run its course. China has expanded export almost of the world, not only the developed countries, also Latin America, the Middle East and Africa. But this growth model is limiting the speed of export. China has to turn towards growth driven by domestic demand, not exports, and one led by service not industry to shift its economy. So what can help to stimulate the transformation? The answer is privatization. Privatization remains a thorny issue in a country where private property became a constitutional right only in 2004 and where the right to own productive assets remains unclear. Many vibrant, purely private companies have sprung up despite this uncertainty, but take care to stay out of the limelight. For example, the most famous Chinese private company is Legend Holdings Ltd, is Chinese investment holding company in IT, investment, and real estate formed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences- the best-known of which is the Lenovo Group in which Legend is the controlling shareholder. In 2006, the volume of its business was 4,033,096 million RMB. Another famous private company is Huawei which makes and sales telecommunication equipment. It is biggest supplier who provides the solution of telecommunication network. Until 2011, the whole company had 146,000 employees, and the annual sales volume was 203.9 billion RMB. Obviously the kinds of private companies become a main power to improve C hinese economy and increase national income. Proverbially, privatization can help to reduce the government financial and administrative burden. The best example is Legend Holdings Ltd. Legend Holdings Ltd was based on the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Chinese government only invested 200 thousands to organize the company. However, until now, the company has developed to an international holding company with the influence from all over the world. The Chinese government doesn’t manage the company directly but it controls a part of stock of the company. According to an analysis suggests that privatization of China’s state-owned enterprises is achieved with limited compromise on the social welfare responsibilities, and much of the improvement in the firm performance comes from the reduction in the agency cost at the management level. The state-owned enterprises generally have bloated management structure with excessive amount of managerial expenses. It is because the State Assets Agency has multiple objectives, and so long as the management meets those objectives it is neither motivated nor disciplined for profit maximization. On the contrary, private companies have their own management systems, they don’t have so much social welfare duties as state-owned enterprises. Rapid development of privatization also can help government to increase their financial income. According to the data suggests, in 2004, mainly to the private economy of small and medium-sized enterprises created 58.8 per cents of GDP, 68.3 per cents of exports and 48.2 per cents of revenue in China. Also we can see the data from Legend Holdings Ltd. Until 2003, this private company handed over to the national tax 5.45 billion RMB. As the state-owned enterprises, the government has to invest by themselves to get profit; however, as private company, government can get revenue without investing or management. Increasing efficiency and productivity in certain public sector is the third advantage of privatization in China. Some state-owned enterprises sale to specific purchasers through MBO(Management Buy-Outs). The managers cooperate with foreign companies which can help to import high technology equipment and improve the manufacturing technology. Obviously, this can increase the efficiency and productivity of company. The most famous example in China is Haier. Haier as a global electrical appliances brand, cooperate with 28 companies from difficult countries like America, Japan and Germany. As of 2008, Haier has surpassed rival Whirlpool as the world’s top refrigerator producer in terms of sales, according to Euromonitor, an independent business intelligence provider. Haier said it sold 12 million refrigerators worldwide last year, up 20% over the previous year. Its market share reached 6.3% globally. On the other hand, with the development of privatization in China, there are many problems which disturb the road of privatization. As I talked before, MBO is a kind of form of state-owned enterprises privatization. The government selling the state-owned enterprises to private organization or individual is another form. The biggest problem for this form is the individual will change the enterprise to family business. The Chinese Social Science Center had a research about Chinese private economy. The data showed 61.82 per cent companies admit that they are family business. Only 27.4 per cent of enterprises’ stock was controlled by family under 90 per cent. In China, family business enterprises’ average life is only 2.8 years. Why? Many bosses of private companies provide management job to their family. However, with the development of enterprise, importing the skills of manufacture and the experience of management become more and more important. Family members are not en ough for the development of business. The crisis of stock is another problem for privatization in China. A while back Huawei company was in trouble of old employees demanded the stock of enterprise. According to this event, we can notice there is more stock crisis in privatization of China. The owners of enterprises want to control the whole company; however, when the state-owned enterprises change to private enterprises, the distribution of stock is very confused. The lack of clear strategy of cooperation and the lack of coordination system make the partner scramble for stock, which can make the management layer into disarray. The developing of enterprise is seriously for entrepreneur. However, the growth of enterprise is not only expanding the company or increasing the number of employees, it appears in many aspects. Chinese entrepreneur always want to control their companies, this means they do not want to decrease their stock of the company. This phenomenon result to the lack of investment. For example, we can connect to family business. The lack of investment and management skills make the enterprises’ average life only 2.8 years. How to affect foreign investment and increase the capital is big challenge for Chinese entrepreneur because when the enterprises become private, the government cannot control or manage or invest to the companies directly. China’s privatization has developed more than 20 years, the private company increase the government financial income and develop Chinese economics. However the privatization in China is still not mature. A state-owned enterprise which changes to private enterprise has to face many problems. In general, the trend of Chinese privatization is optimistic. This also can help to develop the world economics.