Impact Of Advertising On Advertiser s Advertising Essay

Advertising has many different forms of writing in its field. There are three major characteristics that impact advertiser’s advertising methods. First, some advertiser’s might say a big impact would be getting the advertiser’s customer’s product to the companies target market. The second one might be how to inform the audience of the product and what media vehicles to use to make sure the target gets the advertisement. The third one is creating the final advertisement. In these three tasks advertisers have to write and reach their customers target audience with the new or improved product, to write to the media vehicle the advertising company wants to use to reach a market, and to write the advertisement itself. Overall, advertisers and advertising companies help firms or companies get a product to an audience. In one part of an ad agency a group of employees are working on finding the target market, the people who will invest in the product. Then there i s a group of people that work on talking to the company about what the company wants the ad agency to get across. There are also people who make the advertisement and people who pick the media vehicle to reach the audience. Media vehicle examples are: television networks or channels, newspapers, magazines, billboards, and internet. Once all of their factors are decided the ad agency puts them all together to make a cohesive advertisement that is cost affective and will reach majority of the target market. AdvertisersShow MoreRelatedPositive And Negative Aspects Of Advertising1695 Words   |  7 Pages Advertising may be considered among the most quietly controversial subjects in our society, and is yet, ever so essential. There are both positive and negative aspects, and although that could be true for anything, advertising is unique in the sense that it requires a constant give and take from consumers. Furthermore, I have investigated certain technological benefits associated with advertising that improve effectiveness, and how advertising benefits consumers. On the contrary, I have evaluatedRead MoreAdvertising Medi An Important Aspect966 Words   |  4 PagesWhen it comes to advertising, the advertising media is an important aspect. Advertising media â€Å"are the various means by which the message is communicated to the target market† (Perrault, Cannon, McCarthy, 2013). There are several aspects that an advertiser must consider when choosing the best advertising medium to use, which can change depending on the situation. One way that advertisers can ensure effectiveness in terms of their advertising media is to make sure that they give careful considerationRead MoreThe Media And Its Effects On Teen And Young Undeveloped Brains1237 Words   |  5 PagesThe advertising business views teenagers in society as a viable market section, due to their immature understanding of the media and its dazzling impact on teen and young undeveloped brains. The med ia is progressively specializing in children and adolescents to captivate with advertisements. according to market research corporations, teenagers are vital to marketers because they can pay a considerable open income, spend family cash easily, and they are easily able to influence their families to spendRead MoreGender Portrayals Of Women s Advertising1636 Words   |  7 PagesPortrayals in Advertising Gender portrayal in advertising has been a widely discussed and researched topic for years by social scientists, consumers, and advertisers alike. However, many people have looked at the topic solely from the perspective of male and female consumers and the effect that gendered advertisements has on them. In an article from The Journal of Advertising, Linda Tuncay Zayer and Catherine A. Coleman researched this topic from a different angle. The article, Advertising Professionals’Read MoreHow Advertising Is An Integral Part Of Marketing1302 Words   |  6 PagesQ 2.1 SLAID 1 Advertising is an integral part of marketing and one of the key elements for the impact on the market. Advertising is any paid form for controllable impact, carried through mass media in the presentation and the imposition of the goods or services in the interest of the obvious source. In conditions of fierce competition, the work of advertising is to create a demand for certain goods, and buyers to gravitate to the point of sale. Advertising is a tool for the realization of more andRead MoreSex in Advertising889 Words   |  4 Pagestoday is the debate of sex in advertising. Edward A. McCabe and John Carroll are two authors that present opposing arguments about this issue. McCabe persuades the reader into thinking that sex in advertising is no big deal, while Carroll explains why this is a major problem in America. Sex ads are defined as any type of advertising that shows pictures of partial nudity with wording that relates to the body in a sexual way, usually portraying women. Sex in advertising has been around for a long timeRead MoreGender Portrayals Of Women s Advertising1505 Words   |  7 PagesPortrayals in Advertising Gender portrayal in advertising has been a widely discussed and researched topic for years by social scientists, consumers, and advertisers alike. However, many people have looked at the topic solely from the perspective of male and female consumers and the effect that gendered advertisements have on them. In an article from The Journal of Advertising, Linda Tuncay Zayer and Catherine A. Coleman researched this topic from a different angle. The article, Advertising Professionals’Read MoreNegative Influence of Advertising1524 Words   |  7 PagesNegative influence of advertising on society Advertising by definition is a paid form of  communication  intended to  persuade  an audience (viewers, readers or listeners) to purchase or take some action upon products, ideas, or services. We are taken  into what the advertisers exactly want us to do - buy their products. Advertisements in themselves are not bad. They do perform an important  role in the society and that is the promotion of products and services  so that people will become aware ofRead MoreMarketing Of A Product Based Advertising Effort1623 Words   |  7 PagesMarketers in today s business surroundings are given the specific test of dodging clashed informing, oversaturation of promoting activities, consumer dithering and monitored behaviour keeping in mind the end goal to accomplish their destinations of improving long haul brand reliability and empowering product acquisitions. While there are environmental factors which may impact consumer’s behaviour, the hugest artificiality originates from mental impacts connected with promoting correspondence andRead MoreGoogle Case Analysis1521 Words   |  7 PagesNasrat Dernaika Nikhil Srivastava Kiet Long Viktor Elkin Jorge Vilaplana March 28, 2012 Table of Contents 1.Google’s Early Key Success Factors 2 1.1 Innovated and Differentiated Search Engine 2 1.2 Innovated Advertising Ranking 2 1.3Expansion of Search-Related Advertising 2 2.Is Search A Winner-Take-All Business? 3 2.1 Multi homing costs 3 2.2 Strong network effect 3 2.3 Differentiated feature 3 3.Google’s Strategic Options: What is the Best? 4 â€Æ' 1. Google’s Early Key Success Factors

Servant Leadership Essay - 1630 Words

Servant Leadership is a leadership style that leads by example, does not take credit for deeds done, and makes themselves as humble as possible to serve others. Servant leadership is focusing on serving the highest needs of others to help another individual achieve their personal goals. Servant leadership has to be developed by the person in the leadership role. The leader has got to be aware of themselves as a person before they can be aware of someone else’s needs. The leader has to be a moral and ethical person and have many positive qualities before they can see what another person truly needs. Once a servant leader has these they can start working to meet goals (Trastek, 2014). There are several leadership models used in healthcare†¦show more content†¦I do believe servant leadership is the best style not only for the healthcare field but for your personal life as well. Although I do not have a career in healthcare yet I feel I have several examples of servant leadership throughout my life. I am a person with a very caring heart and a giving heart. Almost over caring to where I get to attached or want to help more than I have the means to. I sit and I dwell on how I could not continue helping another person, even after I have reached the max capacity of what I could do for them. I have the heart for developmentally disabled adults and children, animals of any kind even cats who cause anaphylaxis reactions when I even stand near one, and children. All pull at my heart strings and make me want to give my all in any way I possibly can. I completed an internship during my undergraduate career at a non-profit, LIFESPAN. INC. LIFESPAN works with individuals that are developmentally disabled. LIFESPAN provides; day program services, respite care, employment services, and many more services. During my time at LIFESPAN, I created a game day event for day program, a community guide for all of LIFESPAN with resources that the individuals and their families could use, visited homes of individuals and their families during provider meetings, and helped teach classes during day support. I absolutely fell in love with every individual studentShow MoreRelatedServant Leadership Essay850 Words   |  4 PagesServant Leadership Human Resource Management, Spring 2010 Introduction In the first major paper on stakeholder theory, Edward Freeman and David Reed state that a stakeholder is Any identifiable group or individual on which the organization is dependent for its continued survival. (Freeman and Reed 89) Given that these groups input are all vital part of an organizations success, creating solutions that benefit all stakeholders is important for long term success. Solutions thatRead MoreCompetency Servant Leadership Essay examples1015 Words   |  5 PagesCompetency Servant Leadership The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast Servant Leadership against Competency Based Leadership. I will be discussing both styles of leadership and their strengths and weaknesses and at the end of this comparison I will be drawing a conclusion to determine whether or not a Competency-based leader can include Servant leadership on his daily direction strategies of his employees. From the research that I have done so far I consider that Servant Leadership qualitiesRead MoreEssay on Servant Leadership Research And Application 1664 Words   |  7 Pagesresearch-based model that drives the common vision. Servant leadership is a model that is built on the foundation that the leader serves its followers, before he or she even thinks about the notion of leading. The foundation of this leadership research application looks deep into the ground floor transformation of an underperforming middle school using servant leadership as the primary model and tests the notion that a suppo rt model of authentic leadership in conjunction can move the organization towardsRead MoreServant Leadership Essay1209 Words   |  5 PagesServant Leadership What is it? The phrase â€Å"Servant Leadership† was coined by Robert K. Greenleaf in The Servant as a Leader, an essay he first published in 1970 (What is servant, ). The servant leader serves first, while aspiring to lead second. The servant leader serves the people that he or she leads, implying employees are an end in themselves rather than a means to organizational purpose or bottom-line. Servant leadership is meant to replace a command and control, top-down, model of managementRead MoreServant Leadership Essay1490 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: SERVANT LEADERSHIP EFFECTIVENESS TO ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE Servant Leadership Effectiveness to Organizational Change May 13, 2006 Introduction Real change leaders are not found among the top executives within an organization. Although, top executives participation is important to change within an organization, the real change leaders are middle and frontline managers, and he or she influence how the majority of people perform within the company. The most difficult aspect ofRead MoreServant Leadership Essay1869 Words   |  8 PagesTry a little servant leadership Sheryl Connelly Indiana Wesleyan University ADM 510 Mike Higgason May 4, 2010 Try a little servant leadership Using a Servant Leadership model will help emerging businesses maintain intrinsic employee motivation, leading to superior human capital performance and subsequent revenue growth. The recession has cost many businesses more than just profits. With unemployment at an all time high and the threat of layoffs looming daily, employee morale isRead More Servant Leadership Essay2984 Words   |  12 PagesServant Leadership Vocation is our call to be the best that we can be, each of us in our own way, so that we may better ourselves and society. Servant leadership is the truest fulfillment of our responsibility to charity and social concern. Servant leadership provides a charismatic self-identification, and thus we can better define our lives and commit ourselves to a fruitful vocation. Christ came into the world as the King of all humanity. He came as the redeemerRead MoreEvaluating Servant Leadership Essay920 Words   |  4 PagesEvaluating Servant Leadership What is servant leadership? When this question is asked, the first response that comes to mind is a leadership role in some sort of spiritual capacity. In actuality, this concept can be applied to both professional and spiritual roles of leadership. Robert K. Greenleaf’s theory of servant leadership includes qualities such as listening, empathy, healing, awareness, persuasion, conceptualization, foresight, stewardship, growth and building community (Greenleaf, 2002)Read MoreLeadership, The, And Situational Approach954 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership can be defined in many different ways depending on how it is looked at. Some people can define leadership as stepping forward to take lead of a task just to get it done, while others can see it as someone who starts a movement to make a change. Overall, leadership is the action of leading a group of people or an organization. In my opinion, the style of leadership does not matter as long as it is used in a positive manor. Some of the main styles that contribute to successful leadershipRead MoreServant Leadership By James C. Hunters The Servant1266 Words   |  6 PagesServant Leadership and its Application to Nursing Practice The basis of the â€Å"servant leadership† theory is that in order to be a good leader; one must be a servant, first (Hunter, 1998). Although, the concept of â€Å"servant leadership† can be applied to any field, many nurses identify with the â€Å"servant leadership† style the most. James C. Hunter’s book, The Servant, portrays a difficult journey of understanding this concept, while also addressing many of the main components of â€Å"servant leadership.†

How Does Steinbeck Present Loneliness and Isolation in Of Mice and Men(TM) Free Essays

‘Of Mice and Men’ was first published in 1937 during the great depression and has had a great impact on workers in America since. Steinbeck got the name of the book from a line in a poem ‘To a Mouse’ by Robert Burns, the poem reads ‘The best laid schemes o’Mice an’ Men, gang aft agley, an’ lea’e us nought but grief an’ pain for promis’d joy!’ meaning that The best laid schemes of mice and men, Go often wrong, And leaves us nothing but grief and pain, For promised joy! This relates to the end of the book where George shoots Lennie, this is the part where it often wrong because the dream is no longer as big as it was. The book follows the journey of two workers, George and Lennie, travelling from Weed across America to the ‘Tyler ranch’ in Northern California. We will write a custom essay sample on How Does Steinbeck Present Loneliness and Isolation in Of Mice and Men(TM)? or any similar topic only for you Order Now The book starts by using descriptive language to get a picture into the readers mind, ‘Golden foothill slopes’ Steinbeck makes America sound like the perfect paradise even with all the racism and discrimination around at that time, people still wanted to go there in order to achieve ‘the American Dream’. The setting of Soledad I think, relates to Lennie, ‘Golden foothill slopes curve up to the strong and rocky Gabilan mountains’, this echoes Lennie’s personality as he is calm and gentle and has a ‘golden’ personality, but if you say something to upset him he will slowly ‘curve up’ to become strong and full of rage with fists as strong as rock. Lennie is an outcast of the group, linking to isolation as he doesn’t understand everything everyone says, and he doesn’t know his own strength. Lennie is treat differently by al of the men ain the bunk-house because he is child-like ‘He don’t mean no harm†¦He’s a good guy’ they are trying to be-friend Lennie after what happened to Curley because they don’t want to end up with a crippled hand, when they go into town, Lennie is left behind and the men talk to him like a child, he is a bit ‘slow’ and doesn’t understand why people treat him differently. . The people at the bunk-house treat him like a child but they do include him in things like card games, whereas Curley hurts him, and Lennie doesn’t understand why. George is the brains of the two, whenever Lennie is in trouble, George is there to get him out of it, this makes Lennie feel like he has a friend and doesn’t make him feel lonely. ‘Hide in the brush till I come for you’ George is showing Lennie that he will never be alone, ‘I got you to look after me, and you got me to look after you’ they fight like brothers but will never leave each other alone or make each other feel isolated in anyway on purpose,. ‘An’ if a fren’ come along†¦ we’d say â€Å"Why don’t you stay the night†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ they would have people who care about them. George has this idea of people like them who work on ranches not having anybody to care about them, ‘With us it ain’t like that, we got a future’ George is showing determination to help Lennie’s dream come true for them to have rabbits to be Lennie’s friends so he isn’t lonely, George wants them to be isolated by having their own land where nobody can hurt them, and they can be a family. I think George does feel lonely but in the way where he can’t speak to anybody except for Lennie, George has boundaries for what he can talk to Lennie about in case he forgets it or doesn’t understand. When they arrive on the ranch, George has a sense of relief when he confides in Slim and tells him what happened back in Weed and also tells him how he used to tease Lennie and that’s how they ended up travelling together, George feels less isolated because now he has someone to talk to that understands what happened and he can let it all off his chest without snapping at Lennie. Candy is the oldest worker on the ranch, now no use to anyone due to an injury that occurred on the ranch, he has only one hand. Candy joins George and Lennie in the fight of achieving ‘The American Dream’ and gives them money for the farmhouse. ‘S’pose I went in with you guys†¦how’d that be?’ Candy starts to feel less lonely because George is at least considering it at this time, whereas the rest of the workers wouldn’t even give him a chance to speak about dreaming of it. He doesn’t feel so restricted of where he goes and who he talks to because he knows he isn’t going to be there for much longer. Candy wasn’t lonely in the beginning of the book because he had his dog but the rest of the workers thought he was useless ‘He ain’t no good to you, Candy. An’ he ain’t no good to himself’ I think this makes Candy feel like they’re talking about him which links to the loneliness and isolation because he can’t open up to anyone and I think Candy feels threatened by George and Lennie’s arrival because every time a new worker comes along, it could mean that Candy wont be needed anymore. Candy I think compares to the ‘ash-pile’ as he has become older and more useless but he has become part of the ranch like a landmark. He also compares to the limb which I think represents his stump, ‘Worn smooth’ which relates to Candy always stroking it. Crooks is the only ‘negro’ on the ranch, he is physically isolated by having a room to himself, in a separate building and not being mentally able to bring himself to talk to any of the workers, when Lennie first encounters Crooks, Crooks tries to get Lennie to feel like he feels, and to understand how it feels to be isolated. The book was written in the 1940’s where most of America was segregated, Crooks was segregated and was only allowed to mix with the workers on Christmas. Curley’s wife is isolated as she is the only woman on the ranch. She is perceived as dangerous because she wears red, ‘She is wearing a dress that shows her legs and her lips and nails are red’. George tells Lennie to stay away from her because of the dangerous red lips, Candy tells George that she’s a tart but George can see that for himself. When Lennie is in the barn burying his puppy, Curley’s wife walks in and starts talking about her soft hair, she knew that Lennie was capable of causing severe pain and damage to someone, but she didn’t know he was capable of killing someone, Lennie doesn’t know his own strength. This is a replay of what happened in Weed as Lennie felt something smooth that he liked and couldn’t let go. The quote at the end of the book ‘Now what the hell ya suppose is eatin’ them two guys?’ These are the very last words in the book and are spoken by Carlson. Carlson only comes into the book when things are linked to loosing family, he shoots Candy’s dog and shows no sympathy towards him. This suggests that Carlson is a very lonely character because he doesn’t know what it’s like to love someone and loose them. Slim shows sympathy and compassion towards George, and looks after him. This suggests that Slim knows what its like to loose family, and I think that’s how he ended up alone on the ranch, because he lost his family so he decided to try and achieve the American Dream of making something out of nothing. George has to let go and ‘put down’ his own family, by killing Lennie, he also kills the dream, not just his, but Candy’s aswell. George is now not only alone, but has isolated himself from everyone even more. Crook’s predictions have come true which is no surprise to him, he’s been there for years and has seen loads of workers have the same dream, but never believed that them would achieve it. The end of the book is left open for you to believe what you want, if you want to believe George and Candy got the farmhouse or whether you think George stayed at the ranch, there is no right answer so you create your own ending. How to cite How Does Steinbeck Present Loneliness and Isolation in Of Mice and Men(TM)?, Papers

Writing In Response To Another Writer - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Writing In Response To Another Writer. Answer: Introduction The article by Nissen shows us how to students pay for their studies at various universities and also there are some indirect expenditures in the world. Even the article of Kirschner shows that there are different styles of learning. The chosen article for this assignment is of Kirschner. We all are different from one another in many ways and there are different preferences in terms of music, food and learning also (Kirschner and Merrinboer, 2013). Due to this lots of students and their parents or their mentor or the teachers feel that it is somewhat right to say that because everybody is differentthereforethe teaching style also has to be tailor made. Is this an issue? The answer is simple yes! There are lots of issues with the kind of learning styles and their perceptions. First ofallthere are lots of difference among the manner in whichanybody wantsto learn and the possible way in which effective learning happens. One more thing to be kept in mind is that a preference for the app roach to studying is not to be a learning style (Kirschner, 2017). Truth or a myth However, as per my understanding it is a mistake in idea that people learn in a better way when the training and guidance received is tailored and it is in a preferred style of learning. It is important for a teacher to match his Way of teaching to the learning style of the students. Looking at the idea given by this article, parents prefer to beleive that their kids are receiving a tailored education (Robinson, 2012). And even teachers are happy to think that they recognise the needs of children and many teachers get motivated to look for more regarding fulfilment of their students. This is because nobody prefers to think of themselves to be lesser in ability. No teacher would accept that his teaching style is not good rather they would think that the class was difficult. Evidence to support this learning idea There is very less evidence however the professionals on this topic state that lots of these evidences are very weak. Very convincing proof of learning styles reflect that individuals of a specific preferred learning style got to learn more when they were provided with learning in their preferred way. Although a separate group with distinct preferences got better understanding from the same material when they were being provided by learning in a favourable manner yet a few studies of this kind have shown support for learning styles. It can be said that both of these groups performed better than learning was given by a specific styles (Li, Kravcik, Popescu, Huang, Kinshuk, Chen, 2016). This is right because even though everybody is different, generally the highly effective way for learning is as per the kind of material and not on the preferences. When the study material is in a simple way then learning becomes easier. Other issues related with this myth One more issue that is there is that there are so many probable manners of describing peoples preferred style of learning. An individual might feel that he lands in a better way, by visuals in spite of any verbal teaching, but his performance might show something different. The reality is that the prediction is not based on the match between learning style and teaching style rather it is based on the past performance of the students. Is it right to give up tailoring of teaching styles? No, the tailoring of teaching styles should not be given up completely, because people are generally not clear of the teaching style that is highly suitable for them. Since there is very less evidences available for the advantages of matching the preferred learning style with the teaching style therefore it cannot be said that there isn't much scope of tailoring the teaching style for better learning. Taking an example, as pointed out by Kirschner and Merrienboer, there is proof that the people who are nervous they learn in a better way by looking at examples and proofs rather people who have experience they learn more by resolving issues on their own(Peterson, Rayner Armstrong, 2009). There has been one more research showing the way in which learning is made better almost by everyone, by combination of various activities like passive studies being joined by drawings. Removal of this harmful myth Lots of leading professionals have a belief that myth of the preferred style of learning is not merely a misconception rather it is bringing problems. This way the teachers are encouraged to teach the students intellectual strains and not their weaknesses. Students have to improve and take care of their weaknesses rather than avoiding them. Lot of training programs and learning style questionnaires are very costly. As per him the urge has been made to researchers for spreading that learning style is a myth. This paper critically states three unsupported concepts of education on particular learning approaches, digital native and learners have the capacity of making themselves educated through Internet (Hopnt Joniper, 2016). This paper focuses on the learning style minutes and it is also stated that learning styles are not scientifically evidenced. These non- evidenced statements are: Learners have a particular style of learning that has to be catered to for efficient learning Learners have a style which has to be recognised for instructions to be tailor-made. Learners know about their particular learning style and this determination of style can be done in a reliable and valid manner(Kirschner and Gerhart, 2005) Even though the learners are different from each other in many man hours still it doesn't mean that all these differences have to be considered while making the learning material. In this article there have been different references to different studies however the floors of these notions have been discussed. Conclusion In conclusion, rather than going onto the bandwagon of taking care of the instructions for learning styles, it should be seen that the scientific proofs have to be evaluated(Price, 2004). There are various scientific studies which need evidences or else those studies should be adopted which clearly have scientific proofs. References Hopnt, M., Joniper, K. (2016). Web page Content to-from Learning Style of Learners Learning Style. Journal Of Engineering Technology, 6(2), 86-96. https://dx.doi.org/10.21859/jet-06027 Kirschner, M., Gerhart, J. (2005).The plausibility of life. New Haven: Yale University Press. Kirschner, P. A., van Merrinboer, J. J. (2013). Do learners really know best? Urban legends in education.Educational psychologist,48(3), 169-183.Kirschner, P. A. (2017). Stop propagating the learning styles myth.Computers Education,106, 166-171. Li, Y., Chang, M., Kravcik, M., Popescu, E., Huang, R., Kinshuk, Chen, N. (2016).State-of-the-art and future directions of smart learning. Singapore: Springer. Peterson, E., Rayner, S., Armstrong, S. (2009). Researching the psychology of cognitive style and learning style: Is there really a future?.Learning And Individual Differences, 19(4), 518-523. Price, L. (2004). Individual Differences in Learning: Cognitive control, cognitive style, and learning style. Educational Psychology, 24(5), 681-698. Robinson, N. (2012). Learning to Show and Tell Capitalist Style.International Studies Review, 14(1), 185-186.

Asia and Continuities free essay sample

Choose TWO of the areas listed below and analyze how each area’s relationship to global trade patterns changed from 1750 to present. Be sure to describe each area’s involvement in global patterns around 1750 as your starting point. Latin AmericaSub-Saharan Africa East AsiaThe Middle EastEastern EuropeNorth AmericaSouth and Southeast Asia 2003 Describe and analyze the cultural, economic, and political impact of Islam on ONE of the following regions between 1000 C. E. and 1750 C. E. Be sure to discuss continuities as well as changes. West AfricaSouth AsiaEurope 2004 Analyze the changes and continuities in labor systems between 1750 and 1914 in ONE of the following areas. In your analysis, be sure to discuss the causes of the changes and the reasons for the continuities. Latin America and the CaribbeanRussiaSub-Saharan Africa 2005 Analyze the social and economic transformations that occurred in the Atlantic world as a result of new contacts among Western Europe, Africa, and the Americas from 1492 to 1750. We will write a custom essay sample on Asia and Continuities or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 2006 Analyze the cultural and political changes and continuities in one of the following civilizations during the last centuries of the classical era. Chinese, 100 C. E. to 600 C. E. Roman, 100 C. E. to 600 C. E. Indian, 300 C. E. to 600 C. E. 2007 Analyze major changes and continuities in formation of national identities in ONE of the regions listed below from 1914 to the present. Be sure to include evidence from specific countries in the region selected. Middle EastSoutheast AsiaSub-Saharan Africa 2008 Analyze the change and continuities in commerce in the Indian Ocean region from 650 C. E. to 1750 C. E. 2009 Analyze continuities and changes in patterns of interactions along the Silk Road from 200 B. C. E. to 1450 C. E. 2010 Describe and explain continuities and changes in religious beliefs and practices in ONE of the following regions from 1450 to the present. Sub-Saharan AfricaLatin America/Caribbean

Airport Noise and Pollution Can Effect Your Health

Airport Noise and Pollution Can Effect Your Health Researchers have known for years that exposure to excessively loud noise can cause changes in blood pressure as well as changes in sleep and digestive patterns, all signs of stress on the human body. The very word â€Å"noise† itself derives from the Latin word â€Å"noxia,† which means injury or hurt. Airport Noise and Pollution Increase Risk for Illness On a 1997 questionnaire distributed to two groups (one living near a major airport, and the other in a quiet neighborhood), two-thirds of those living near the airport indicated they were bothered by aircraft noise, and most said that it interfered with their daily activities. The same two-thirds complained more than the other group of sleep difficulties, and also perceived themselves as being in poorer health. Perhaps even more alarming, the European Commission, which governs the European Union (E.U.), considers living near an airport to be a risk factor for coronary heart disease and stroke, as increased blood pressure from noise pollution can trigger these more serious maladies. The E.U. estimates that 20% of Europe’s population (about 80 million people) are exposed to airport noise levels it considers unhealthy and unacceptable. Airport Noise Affects Children Airport noise can also have negative effects on children’s health and development. A 1980 study examining the impact of airport noise on children’s health found higher blood pressure in kids living near Los Angeles’ LAX airport than in those living farther away. A 1995 German study found a link between chronic noise exposure at Munich’s International Airport and elevated nervous system activity and cardiovascular levels in children living nearby. A 2005 study published in the prestigious British medical journal, The Lancet, found that kids living near airports in Britain, Holland, and Spain lagged behind their classmates in reading by two months for every five-decibel increase above average noise levels in their surroundings. The study also associated aircraft noise with lowered reading comprehension, even after socio-economic differences were considered. Citizen Groups Concerned About Effects of Airport Noise and Pollution Living near an airport also means facing significant exposure to air pollution. Jack Saporito of the U.S. Citizens Aviation Watch Association (CAW), a coalition of concerned municipalities and advocacy groups, cites several studies linking pollutants common around airports (such as diesel exhaust, carbon monoxide and leaked chemicals) to cancer, asthma, liver damage, lung disease, lymphoma, myeloid leukemia, and even depression. A recent study pinpointed ground taxiing by planes at busy airports as the source of large amounts of carbon monoxide, which in turn appears to increase the prevalence of asthma within 10 kilometers of the airport. CAW is lobbying for the clean up of jet engine exhaust as well as the scrapping or modification of airport expansion plans across the country. Another group working on this issue is Chicago’s Alliance of Residents Concerning O’Hare, which lobbies and conducts extensive public education campaigns in an effort to cut noise and pollution and rein in expansion plans at the world’s busiest airport. According to the group, five million area residents may be suffering adverse health effects as a result of O’Hare, only one of four major airports in the region.

International Cost of capital Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

International Cost of capital - Assignment Example Question1. Provide an illustrative example of WACC calculation using a FTSE100 company. Answer: The components of weighted average of cost of capital come from the equity side of the statement of financial position, which is commonly understood and known as balance sheet-common shares, preferred shares and debt, long term liability are the components of capital. Any change in the shape of increase in assets of the balance sheet would require increasing at least any one of components of the capital account. In order to increase the liability side of the balance sheet, the cost of these components is called as component based cost of capital. Numerous causes require to occur or to increase the cost of capital. First, the need of long term investment and long term financing requires a company to determine and decide an appropriate way of arranging finance. Either willingly or unwillingly, the company has to evaluate all possible and available means that can be used for the purpose of sa tisfying their long term business investment needs. Some companies use and issue preferred shares for the purpose of raising finance. ... On the whole, these both means have some sort of similarities and some sort of dissimilarities. Preferred shares are mostly placed with the ordinary shares, on the other hand, the debentures and other forms of long term liabilities are incorporated in the long term liability section of the statement of financial position. Following is the standard computational method of weighted average of cost of capital: WACC = Ke [(market value of equity/A)] + kd [(1-t) (market value of debt/A)]. Where; WACC= weighted average of cost of capital Ke= cost of equity A=market value of equity + market value of debt Kd= cost of debt Cost of equity (Ke) is the required return on the ordinary shares. Most of the time, it is this feature that is pretty difficult to estimate. Cost of equity can be determined by two ways: dividend growth model and capital asset pricing model (CAPM). The dividend growth model uses the following formula: P0 = D1/ (Re-g) Here, P0 is the current stock price or stock price in th e period of 0. D1 is the amount of dividend in the next period or next year. Re is the cost of equity. G is the dividend growth rate. For ke the equation would become Re= D1/ P0+ g The capital asset pricing model (CAPM) helps with the following equation to determine the cost of equity: Re= Rf+ b(Rm - Rf) Here, Rf= the risk free rate. B= beta value Rm= market return Capital asset pricing model was determined and defined and published its derivation by William Sharpe in the year of 1986 (Megginson, 1996). There are numerous assumptions on which capital asset pricing model is based on. For instance, capital asset pricing model assumes that investors hold diversified range of portfolios (Head, 2008). Example: Computation of weighted average of

Comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Comparison - Essay Example Her main focus was to provide rights to the Blacks and give them a representation in the society. She has a literature Nobel prize to her name, along with eight novels and over two hundred short stories to her credit. The other form of literature that will be scrutinized is â€Å"What it’s like to be a black girl?† a poem by the famous Patricia Smith. Smith, also an activist wrote this specific poem to explain the feelings of a black girl, growing up to be a woman in a time when blacks were despised severely. (What its like to be a black girl, Poetry - CollegeTermPapers.com, 2013; Post Colonial Analysis of "Country Lovers" by Nadine Gordimer, 2013) â€Å"The Country Lovers† is a short story written by Nadine Gordimer, and it forms the second part of the story called â€Å"The Town and Country Lovers†. With the scene set in countryside, the story revolves around two protagonists namely: Thebedi and Paulus. Thebedi is a black girl and Paulus happens to be th e son of her white masters. Thebedi and Paulus have spent their entire childhood together; hence, when they grow up into teenagers, they get attracted to each other and fall in love. What they experienced cannot be typically termed as love, but they were physically involved and their love blossomed as they were over whelmed by the strength of emotions that they felt. Now in those times, interracial relationships were forbidden, which meant that it was close to committing a sin, hence, this whole relation was kept as a secret. Time passes with the way things are and Thebedi gets pregnant, but she hides this fact from Paulus. Paulus till such time was carrying on with his own life and Thebedi was getting married to a man named Njabulo, who had been in love with her for quite some time. When Thebedi gives birth to a daughter, her appearance raises questions because the girl, carrying her father’s genes is light in color and has colored eyes. Njabulo, being a sincere husband does not question this and treats the child like his own. As word travels, Paulus gets to know about the child and in an instance realizes the daunting truth. He pays a visit to Thebedi and asks her to five the child to someone else as it is a proof of their sin. On insisting, Thebedi leaves Paulus alone with the child and after a day, the girl dies. The matter is taken to court as Thebedi swears to confess that Paulus had poisoned her child. However, on the day of the trial, Thebedi fails to confess and says she did not â€Å"see† Paulus poison the baby. Hence, Paulus is freed without any charges due to the lack of evidence. (Country Lovers, 2013) This short story brings into focus the problems of being in an â€Å"interracial†, â€Å"forbidden† love. (Post Colonial Analysis of "Country Lovers" by Nadine Gordimer, 2013) It not just explains the problems that the protagonists, especially the female encountered, but it also portrays perfectly the thinking of the peop le in those times. The story remarkably portrays the female as the vulnerable character as men mostly get away with their acts easily. As the story was staged for the 20th century, a time when racial discrimination was at its peak, the role of Thebedi shows the negatives of being a black and a woman at the same time. Her character was questioned when her child turned out to be light in colored. Paulus’s selfish act of saving his reputation from being damaged, and poisoning the child to

Microeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 4

Microeconomics - Essay Example One of the main characteristics of perfect competition includes sale of homogenous goods where all firms in the market same the same good. The second characteristic of perfect competitive market is perfect information where all sellers and buyers if goods know the price of the good and an increase in price by the seller will result in zero sales. Monopoly is a market structure consisting of one seller and many buyers; hence, the seller has total maker power on price and quantity. The main characteristic of this market is the lack of close substitutes; hence, the users have to purchase from the firm at the price. The second characteristic of monopoly is high barriers of entry that could be as a result of high capital requirement, ownership of production resources by the firm, natural causes, and government offer of single license to the firm ensuring presence of abnormal profits in the long-run in a monopoly market. Oligopoly defines a market structure characterized by few large firms operating in the market hence the decision of a firm affects other firms in the market. A characteristic of an oligopoly is aggressive and defensive advertising to ensure buyers get information on the products and give a firm advantage over the other firms in the market. The other characteristic is price rigidity, since when one firm increase price other firms may not follow suit leading to loss of sales by the firm with an increased prices and augmented sales for the other firms. Monopolistic competition consists of a market structure consisting of firms with a degree of market power owing to the production of non-perfectly substitutable goods, and the aim of the firms is profit maximization. A characteristic of monopolistic competition is free entry of firms ensuring the economic profits in the long-run are reduced to normal profits. The second characteristic is that firms produce differentiated products allowing for a certain degree of market power since the goods cannot be

Presence Of Evil Shows God Doesnt Exist

Presence Of Evil Shows God Doesnt Exist Evil can be defined as anything that is painful, malicious or disastrous. There is much evil in the world, which can be split into either natural or moral evil. Natural evil refers to suffering caused by natural disasters whereas moral evil refers to suffering which has been caused by human selfishness.  [1]  I believe that the existence of these evils in the world disproves the existence of God. These evils would not exist if there was a perfectly good, all loving, omnipotent, omniscient God as He would want to prevent all evils and would be able to do so. In this essay I am going to look at the logical problem of evil, looking at the arguments put forward by Epicurus, Hume and Aquinas. I will also look at the evidential problem of evil, in particular the arguments put forward by William L. Rowe and Paul Draper which support the claim that the existence of evil disproves the existence of God. I will also look at Augustines and Irenaues theodicies against these arguments. Then fi nally I will look at problems with these theodicies and why I believe the existence of evil as well as the existence of God is incompatible. The logical problem of evil put forward by Epicurus states that evil could not exist if god was all loving and omnipotent. Thus, because there is evil in the world God cannot exist. He argues that an all loving god would not tolerate the suffering of his creatures therefore he would have created a world in which this suffering does not exist in the first place, or would step in to prevent it.  [2]  Similarly if god was omnipotent he would have been able to create a universe without evil and suffering to begin with. Therefore, the existence of evil in the world supports the claim that either God does not exist, or that he is either not omnipotent or not all loving. Humes similarly argued that the existence of evil in the world meant that God would need to be either not omnipotent or not all-loving. As it is not possible for God to be either of these things Humes concluded that God does not exist. Aquinas saw evil as the absence of good, or failure to achieve potential. In his book Summa Theologica, Aquinas states that the name of god means that He is infinite goodness. If, therefore God existed, there would be no evil discoverable; but there is evil in the world. Therefore God does not exist.  [3]  This argument is similar to that of Epicurus and Humes, stating that the existence of evil in the world contradicts the idea of an all loving, omniscient, omnipotent god. Thus again supporting my claim that the existence of God is incompatible with the existence of evil in the world. There is also the evidential problem of evil which contends known facts about evil as evidence against the existence of God.  [4]  William L. Rowe argued that there exist instances of intense suffering which an omnipotent, omniscient being could have prevented without thereby losing some greater good or permitting some evil equally bad or worse.  [5]  He then goes on to argue that such a God would want to prevent such suffering and would be able to do so and concludes that because this kind of suffering exists then God cannot. The existence of gratuitous evil in the world can similarly be used to disprove the existence of God according to Paul Draper. Evil which is without apparent reason or justification would not exist if God existed as He would not allow it. Therefore because there are cases where gratuitous evil can be said to exist God does not exist. Theodicies have been put forward in an attempt to justify the existence of God alongside the presence of evil in the world. Augustine argued that Gods creation was faultless and perfect and that evil came from within the world.  [6]  As an explanation for the existence of evil in the world Augustine blamed the fall of man from the Garden of Eden (Genesis 3). Disobeying God in the Garden of Eden is seen by Augustine as a moral evil leading to the evil within the world. The cause of this is free will and the allowance of man to have control over their actions and freedom of choice, including the ability to choose evil instead of good. Thus Augustine argues that God is still all loving, omniscient and omnipotent therefore he allows us to have free will and it is our fault we choose to do moral evil. To take away our free will would be unloving as it would take away our ability to choose good and to love God. Natural evil, on the other hand, can be seen as a consequence of the dishar mony of nature brought about by the fall.  [7]   The presence of evil does not necessarily disprove the existence of God according to Irenaeus. In his theodicy, Irenaeus attempts to justify the existence of evil as a sign of Gods goodness. He claims that evil and suffering in the world are useful as a means of knowledge, vital for character-building and provide a predictable environment. It is claimed by Irenaeus that without the presence of evil these attributes would be unobtainable. Therefore an all loving, omniscient, omnipotent God has allowed for evil to exist as a means for humans to learn and ultimately reach perfection. Although providing a possible explanation of the existence of evil in a world created by an all loving, omniscient and omnipotent God, Augustines theodicy does have some problems. Firstly, the theory of natural selection could be seen to contradict the idea that the Garden of Eden existed in blissful ignorance as it relies upon the selfishness of creatures as vital to their survival.  [8]  Also, God must still be responsible for the evil that has come from within the world as he created it. An omniscient God would have been able to foresee the evil which would come about and have been able to prevent it. Augustine also claimed that we are all being punished for Eves actions in the Garden of Eden which contradicts the bible itself should the childrens teeth be set on edge because the Fathers have eaten sour grapes? (Jeremiah 31:27-34). The existence of hell also shows that God must have foreseen the need for punishment therefore showing that God cannot be all loving and that mank ind cannot be held fully responsible for the fall of man. Similarly, there are problems with Irenaeuss theodicy. The main issue with this theodicy is whether suffering and evil is really necessary in order to achieve the desired goals. Surely an all loving, omnipotent, omniscient God would be able to devise a way in which humans could learn and develop without the need for evil and suffering. It is also not in the nature of an all loving God to allow certain people to starve to death in order to provide the knowledge to others to feed them. I therefore do not believe that these theodocies provide a conclusive defence for the existence of evil alongside the existence of god in the world. In conclusion, throughout this essay I have attempted to prove why the existence of evil within the world shows us that God does not exist. By looking at the arguments of famous philosophers I have found evidence to support this claim. I have also looked at theodicies which disprove my argument and found possible errors with these arguments. I believe that the existence of an all loving, omniscient, omnipotent God is simply incompatible with the existence of evil. In order for evil to exist God cannot be all of these things, if God is not all of these things then he simply isnt God. Therefore God cannot exist. Although the existence of God and evil may not necessarily be logically and evidentially compatible, I believe that God is necessary for many people across the world to understand why evil and suffering occurs and to have someone to blame. Thus regardless of what evidence is available I dont think it would ever be completely possible to disprove the existence of God in its enti rety as believers would still come up with situations in which an all loving, omniscient, omnipotent God would allow for the existence of evil. Word Count: 1483

Degradation of Women in Caribbean Music Essay -- Music

As one moves past the initial onslaught of rhythmic beats that calypso has to offer, it is difficult to miss the way in which it reverberates with negative and demoralizing images of women to their male counterparts. Whether it is within the lyrics of Sparrow’s â€Å"Drunk and Disorderly† or Square One’s â€Å"My Ding-a Ling†, an ample number of verses are often dedicated to making lewd comments about the female body and the suggestive body language described through thinly veiled rhymes and puns, can be offensive depending on the listener. The half naked models being displayed on the various album covers of calypso, soca and rap mix tapes further reinforces these negative connotations. This bandwagon has been jumped upon by many, including the rap genre in the last two decades, wanting to capitalize on a marketing strategy that generally purports to flag consumer attention, playing on their sense of eroticism. The sections titled â€Å"Music, Sex, Se xism† and â€Å"Woman Rising† within Peter Manuel’s text: Caribbean Currents, dive into the many issues surrounding gender within music as well as female portrayal specifically in calypso. Observations can be made simply by reading through the textual comparisons. Many aspects of this subject area allude to the fact that the issue of gender portrayal in music can be construed differently depending on who the critical listener happens to be. With the increased awareness and heightened sensitivity to the way in which females are portrayed in popular media, it is important to reflect on the impact these lyrics have on male-female relationships within the communities who most often enjoy this music genre. â€Å"The parallels between musical and linguistic boundaries are obvious† as stated in author Peter M... ...ages of women. Ultimately the purchaser and listener of all kinds of music, influences the pace of this movement. Work Cited Bilby, Kenneth. Largey, Michael. Manuel, Peter. Caribbean Currents- Caribbean Music From Rumba to Reggae. Temple Univ. Press. Philadelphia, 2006. Ember, Carol. Ember, Melvin. Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender. Vol 2. Springer pub Chicago. 2005 â€Å"Female Degradation must not be Tolerated†. The Marquette Tribune. Staff editorial- Posted November 8, 2007. www.marquettetribune.com Accessed April 12, 2008 Jones, Tiffanie. â€Å"Video girls Bare all on Music Industry†. New Orleans News Periodical Dated September 23, 2004. Accessed April 12, 2008 Mayer, Andre. â€Å"Booty Rhapsody-Pop music’s obsession with the female posterior† Posted January 16, 2005. www.newsworld.cbc.ca/arts/music/booty.html Accessed April 12, 2008

Implementing Diversity in the Classroom

? Running Header: Culturally Inclusive Classroom Final Reflection on Personal Growth and My Plan for a Culturally Inclusive Classroom Anna Novak July 27, 2009 EDUC 5173. 01 Dr. Gina Anderson Texas Woman’s University Final Reflection on Personal Growth and My Plan for a Culturally Inclusive Classroom When I first began this semester I thought I had a clear definition of what diversity was and what areas it encompassed. I believed that the term diversity corresponded with issues of race, religion and ethnicity. However, the discussion board assignments and the detailed chapter readings assigned throughout the semester soon broadened my understanding and notion of exactly what encompasses the term diversity. The concept of diversity encompasses acceptance and respect. It means understanding that each individual is unique, and recognizing our individual differences. These can be along the dimensions of race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, age, physical abilities, religious beliefs, political beliefs, or other ideologies. It is the exploration of these differences in a safe, positive, and nurturing environment. It is about understanding each other and moving beyond simple tolerance to embracing and celebrating the rich dimensions of diversity contained within each individual. This is one of the fundamental concepts I learned from participating in this course. When I first began my journey in this class I had no idea the impact it would have on me and shaping my philosophy as a teacher. I initially considered this a â€Å"breeze† through course, believing that I had a firm understanding of diversity, and how to address it within the classroom. However, I soon learned that there was much I did not know about the levels of diversity, and how hard it would be to create an effective and practical diversity rich classroom. When I began this course and realized that several of my classmates were actual teachers or had some form of teaching experience, I immediately felt as though I was at a sort of disadvantage. I have personally never conducted a classroom, and have no practical experience. However, I soon realized that what I lacked in practical experience, I made up for with personal life experiences. I learned that being a child of military parents and the different locations I had lived throughout my life had given me a unique ability to see view points and issues from completely different perspectives. In fact, I think having never taught a class before presented its own advantages. One of the major ones was that I had the ability to process and assess all of the various ideas and theories that were discussed in depth in this course and apply them to my ever growing â€Å"teaching philosophy. I feel that this course, more so than any of my practical based courses, has allowed me to not only grow professionally, but as an individual as well. I am a better person because of this course, and I think its impact will be extremely beneficial to my future students. Before I discuss how I plan to conduct my own culturally inclusive classroom I feel that there is an important initial step that I as a future educator, and all educators need to take. Through all of our discussions and assigned readings I learned that there are a multitude of different variables involved in creating a cultural classroom and that it is rather easy to get sidetracked or bogged down in subject matter. However, one of the most important aspects I took away from all the readings, and one that I am sure many of us overlook, is the need for self reflection and evaluation, especially in the area concerning our own personal prejudices and beliefs. It is impossible to expect cultural understanding and respect from our students, if we as teachers and role models allow our own limitations are constantly undermining the process ( that whole â€Å"do as I say not as I do† philosophy will not cut it in the classroom). Teachers should mediate cross-cultural adaptations and they can do this only when they come out of their own cultural shell and alter their perception of others. As an educator this key step must first occur before I can even begin to think about creating a culturally inclusive classroom experience. Respecting and Valuing Diversity Throughout my teaching career I hope to instill in my students a sense of appreciation, understanding, and respect for different cultures and backgrounds. I want them to realize that each of them is uniquely different, yet surprisingly similar at the same time. As an educator I want everyone of my students to leave my class feeling a sense of pride for who they are and where they come from, no one should ever be ashamed of their background. However, to aid my students in this I will first need to know more about them, their parents, and their background. When the school year began one of the first things I would have my students do would be to share a little about themselves with the rest of the class. This would be a great way for not only myself to get to know them, but their peers as well. However, it is only fair that I extend the same courtesy to them as well. I would give them a little insight into my own culture and background, as well as some basic information. I would even allow them to ask me several questions pertaining to myself, as long as they do not cross any ethical threshold. So as to build my understanding and knowledge about my students and their background I would give them several forms and information sheets to take home along with their syllabus. One form would be a more form with more detailed questions about themselves, their parents, their concerns, and what they feel is their learning style. The other form will actually be a letter from me to their parents highlighting who I am, my experience, what I am expecting from their child, and how they may get in contact with me. Attached to this letter will be a form asking the parent or guardian to please set up a time to meet with me personally so we can formally meet and so they can discuss any concerns, issues, or anything else they think I should know. Creating an atmosphere of tolerance, acceptance, and caring would involve the whole class. When cultural differences cause problems it should be addressed as a group. The children need to be aware that it is okay to be different from others. By bringing the differences out in the open, it will open the minds of those students not yet exposed to cultural ifferences. I am a strong believer in a cooperative and open classroom, and I think students benefit form an education that they themselves are actively constructing and participating in. I think opening up a discussion on the first day of class and asking them what topics they wish to learn on top of the set curriculum would be extremely beneficial. Physical Arrangement of Classroom In terms of the overal l look and arrangement of the classroom, I am not particularly set. I believe that the room should be decorated in such a way that it reflects the various cultures of the students . I also believe that it needs to be aesthetically pleasing. This is one of the areas where I feel the students should have some say. While as a history teacher I will need to have maps, and important historical dates and people displayed throughout the classroom, I think allowing the students to choose aspects of their own culture that they wish to have on display would not only help in presenting an open classroom, but would help expose students to different cultures. I know that most classrooms are decorated to reflect the different holidays. However, since some of my students might not celebrate the same holidays, I would opt to set up a â€Å"holidays of the world corner. † Here several different holidays would be depicted, and I would ask to have a student explain the origin and traditions of the holiday, that way all of the class could celebrate. As far as the seating arrangement went, it would vary depending on the lesson. For lecture, media viewing, and exams I would prefer to have a traditional row set up or table setup. However, I strongly believe in group discussion, and I think it is a great way for students to think critically about what they have learned. For these â€Å"round-houses† I would organize the desks in a circular patters. Rosenfield, Lambert, & Black (1985) in their research state that â€Å"circles and squares indicate an open, sharing classroom. Students must face one another and cannot hide. Thus ensuring that their input will be heard† (103). However, their will be assigned seating, and when the time comes, assigned groups. Controlling who they sit with will broaden their exposure to different cultures. Additionally, I would utilize the jigsaw cooperative learning style within my classroom. According to Brown and Kysilka (2002) â€Å"students need regular and positive experiences with as many types of diversity as possible. Such experiences, with the guidance of the teacher, will help them to develop the lifelong skills needed to be a proactive citizen in the global society† (p. 17). This method would allow for the greatest exchange of ideas and respect the value of diversity within our classroom. Communication Communication is extremely important when it comes to learning, respecting and valuing cultural diversity. I want my students to know and realize that I fully intend for their parents to be able to participate in their learning experience. Throughout the semester I will provide parents with various newsletters and emails concerning upcoming events, the child’s progress, and how they can be involved. I will also allow both parents and students to set up any individual meetings if they so wish. I also want them to realize that I do care and want to know more about them, and I want them to feel as though they have some input into how the class is ran and organized. Powell and Caseau (2004) argue that in order for students to be successful they need to â€Å"feel that someone cares whether or not they succeed†. Furthermore Teachers need to â€Å"encourage all students to perform to their potential regardless of their culture† (65). However, Communication is not only what is spoken, it is also what is implied with nonverbal communication. I need to be fully aware that different cultures view forms of nonverbal communication such as eye contact, touching, facial gestures, and hand gestures differently. Curriculum One of the great joys of teaching history is that it allows for in-depth discussion and study of several different cultures and people throughout different period of time. Since my subject area is history and while I will be required to spend a great deal of time discussing the classical histories, such as Greece, Rome, England, and such, I would like to supplement my lesson plans with discussions on what other civilizations and cultures were experiencing at the same time, what advances were occurring, and how other cultures directly affected the birth of our own. To allow the students to further their own understanding about different cultures and provide for multicultural study I would like to have my students research a different civilization or culture and report on what was transpiring within their community at a pre chosen time. This will allow students to understand that other cultures and civilizations were still advancing and thriving during the emergence of our own. History is all connected. I also fully intend to introduce the oral history project that I created during this course. This will give students a first hand look at different cultures and will give them a chance to confront their own prejudices. Hopefully this assignment will aid in crumbling the stereotypes these students have concerning other groups, and will allow them to grow personally. Another key to developing a working classroom environment is to understand that a teacher needs to know what it is that they are trying to convey to their students (what they want to teach) and, and how they want to that (how they will teach). Since the times and the technology are advancing teachers need to constantly â€Å"update† their lessons, how they approach the lesson, and even what they know about the material. According to Morrison (2006) becoming an educator literally means becoming â€Å"a life long learner. In theory, the what you want to teach aspect is pretty straightforward, it is the how you teach it that is a little more complicated† ( 143). Not every child learns the same way as everybody. I believe that I need to be conscious of this and develop lessons and activities that present the same information, just in different ways. Instead of using the traditional lecture and note taking method, maybe I should use maps, charts, power point, video, audio, and hands on activities to ensure that each learning style is being addressed. This will ensure that none of my students are left behind. Assessment Assessment is a huge issue in today’s schools. While I agree that teachers need away to determine what level of understanding a student is at, and whether they have retained the information, I feel that there are several different ways to go about assessing. One of the major ways is through exams. While traditional multiple choice and true/false measure retention, I feel that short answer and essay exams help determine what concepts the student actually grasps, and shows different levels of critical and abstract thinking. Thinking (Boud & Feletti, 1997). I am also a fan of oral assessment. This is where I call upon a student in class to answer several questions pertaining to the current topic and I evaluate their response. This does not mean that I am always looking for the right answer, or what I perceive to be the right answer. If the student can fluently present their argument and use exerts from the reading or past discussions to support their claim then it must be taken into consideration and it also proves they are fully involved and is advancing. However, I will of course have to explain to my students that the standardized tests are looking for specific answers, and that they will be expected to know the â€Å"traditional† answers for this purpose. Another means of assessment is derived from the culturally inclusive lesson plan I created for this course. This major project, and others like it, are great ways of determining where your students are developmentally and grade level wise. Group projects and other team assignments are also forms of assessment. It is imperative that I utilize various means of assessment to ensure that the different learning styles of my students are addressed, and to ensure that I am not putting one group of students at a greater disadvantage/advantage over another. Conclusion While I am by no means fully prepared to or sure how to make a diversity enriched classroom environment, I do believe that I am on the right path. I know that I want my students to feel safe and secure in my classroom , and feel as though they can express who they really are. I do not want them to feel as though I do not appreciate or care about their culture, and I want them to know that they can speak openly with me with any problems or concerns they have. Lastly, I believe that one of the most important elements of my â€Å"working philosophy† involves simply loving what you do, and having fun while doing it. Approach each day with excitement and energy, this will make the day more enjoyable, and provide for a more welcoming environment. Students will enjoy being in your class and that will be reflected in their work. If you come to school with that excitement it is bound to rub off on someone, and the passion you bring to your subject matter will inspire your students to find the same love for it. References Boud, David & Feletti, Grahame. (1997). The Challenge of problem based learning (2nd Ed. ). London, England: Kogan Page limited. Brown, S. C. & Kysilka, M. L. (2002). Applying multicultural and global concepts in the classroom and beyond. Boston, MA: Pearson. Morrison, G. S. (2006). Teaching in America (4th ed). Boston MA: Allyn & Bacon. Powell, Robert G. & Caseau, Dana. (2004). Classroom Communication and Diversity: Enhancing Instructional Practice. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. , Publisher. Rosenfield, Peter, Lambert, Nadine, & Black, Allen. (1985). Desk Arrangement effects on pupil classroom behavior. Journal of Educational Psychology, 77(1), 101-108.

Campiegn Finace essays

Campiegn Finace essays By definition, a savage is an uncivilized person. Friday would not fit this description because he was civilized. He was a product of the civilization that surrounded him where he came from. His appearance, behaviors, and beliefs were that of all the others in what might be called his tribe. The simple fact that he had religious beliefs is evidence of him being somewhat civilized. A savage can also be thought of as anyone or anything not European. Clearly Friday was not European, yet his features were not consistent with what would normally be considered savage. He is described as having a very good Countenance, not a fierce and surly Aspect..., he had all the Sweetness and Softness of an European in his Countenance too..., His Hair was long and black, not curld like Wool..., The Colour of his Skin was not quite black, but very tawny; and yet not of an ugly yellow nauseous tawny, as the Brasilians, and Virginians, and other Natives of America are..., and his Nose small, not flat like the Negroes, a very good mouth, thin Lips, and his fine Teeth well set, and white as Ivory (Defoe 205). When the two characters meet, Friday approaches Robinson Crusoe in a very sedate manner, Friday is terrified yet he does not lash out at Robinson Crusoe. He does not seem wild, ferocious or barbaric in any way. He uses sign language at first to communicate, which indicates knowledge of some sort of primitive language. He is quick to learn Robinson Crusoes language and is eager to learn more while Robinson Crusoe stays clear of learning Fridays language. It is apparent that Friday has religious or spiritual beliefs right from the beginning. When Robinson Crusoe saves Friday from the savages that brought him to the island to devour him, Friday is extremely ...

Quotations About Babies and Infancy

Quotations About Babies and Infancy Babies are born cute- some say- because that is Gods way of protecting them from harm. Their angelic faces can steal the heart of everyone they meet. Whether you are expecting a child soon or are already the parent of a newborn, here are some beautiful baby sayings and a few truisms that should certainly make you smile and nod your head in agreement. Don Herold Babies are such a nice way to start people. Brad Pitt Getting a burp out of your little thing is probably the greatest satisfaction Ive come across. Its truly one of the lifes satisfying moments. Robert Munsch Ill love you forever; Ill like you for always. As long as Im living, my baby, youll be. Hermann Hesse Words can not express the joy of a new life. Vincent Van Gogh I think I see something deeper, more infinite, more eternal than the ocean in the expression of the eyes of a little baby when it wakes in the morning or coos or laughs. Olivia Wilde The amazing thing about becoming a parent is that you will never again be your own first priority. Deepak Chopra It is the nature of babies to be in bliss. Jeff Foxworthy Watching a baby being born is a little like watching a wet St. Bernard coming in through the cat door. Charles Osgood Babies are always more trouble than you thought- and more wonderful. Winston Churchill There is no finer investment for any community than putting milk into babies. Mark Twain A baby is an inestimable blessing and bother. James Matthew Barrie When the first baby laughed for the first time, the laugh broke into a thousand pieces, and they all went skipping about, and that was the beginning of fairies. And now when every new baby is born, its first laugh becomes a fairy. So there ought to be one fairy for every boy or girl. Brian Pulsifer The joy that a newborn brings cannot be equaled. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe We cant form our children on our own concepts; we must take them and love them as God gives them to us. Eda J. Le Shan A new baby is like the beginning of all things- wonder, hope, a dream of possibilities. Ed Howe Families with babies and families without are so sorry for each other. Penelope Leach Loving a baby is a circular business, a kind of feedback loop. The more you give the more you get, and the more you get the more you feel like giving. Benjamin Spock What good mothers and fathers instinctively feel like doing for their babies is usually best after all. Nuno Bettencourt Having a baby is one of the most wonderful things in life, as well as the hardest thing in your life. Rajneesh The moment a child is born, the mother is also born. She never existed before. The woman existed, but the mother, never. A mother is something absolutely new.

4G Wireless Networks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

4G Wireless Networks - Essay Example Two major cellular service providers of USA, AT&T and Verizon will be addressed specifically for case study purpose. Comparison and Contrast between 3G and 4G Objective of this section is to compare and contrast 3G and 4G communication with respect to four specific areas, e.g., service and application, network architecture, data throughput and user perceptions. 3G providers are currently offering services like Code Division Multiple Access, CDMA, Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems (UMTS), and Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM). On the contrary, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) developed the 3GPP Long-Term Evolution (LTE) standard for 4G services which is commonly known as 4G LTE(Kuran & Tugcu, 2007). From application perspective, 3G provided the users the luxury of multimedia streaming. 4G added more amenities on top of that, including high definition (HD) services for audio-video conference, and online television via smart phone. Such differences in ser vice and applicability are primarily emanated from the network architecture of these two technologies, also from associated upload and download speed. 3G network is based on wide area cell; on the other hand, 4G integrated Local Area Network (LAN) with such wide area architecture. Consequently, data throughput rate for these two technologies also varies significantly. While 3G is offering up to 3.1 mbps with a bandwidth of 5 – 20MHz; data throughput rate for 4G networks is 3 to 5 mbps but potentially estimated at a range of 100 to 300 mbps with a bandwidth of 100MHz (Kuran & Tugcu, 2007) . Whatever the services and other application are, the most important aspect of any wireless service provider is the user feedback. As of yet, 3G wireless network has a broader coverage than 4G network. Therefore, 3G network enjoys the benefit of being readily available to the user. People are happy with 3G performance because it is the upgrade of 2G technology. The users accustomed to the slower connectivity of 2G, are certainly happy with this upgraded version. In this era of technological advancement, until user gets the flavor of new upgrade, he/she always compare the available technology with previous alternative that is why new technology always prevails. Yet now, in case of audio listening or video streaming, 3G did not receive too many complains and these users will not feel the differences between 3G and 4G that much. However, with time and increasing 4G coverage, things may change radically. Differences between Different 4G Communication Varieties As 3G and 4G are different in many ways, there are also distinguishable differences among different types of 4G network services e.g., 4G LTE, 4G WiMax, and 4G WiBro. 4G LTE is the oldest version of 4G wireless which offers 100 Mbps for downloads and 50 Mbps for uploads in ideal scenario(Evans & Baughan, 2000). However, in USA maximum speed provided by 4G LTE is 18.6 Mbps for download and 9.0 Mbps for upload by A T&T. Fixed WiMax, stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access, can provide speeds of up to 75 Mbps and Mobile WiMax offering speeds of up to 30 Mbps (Fu et al., 2010). Although, service provider sprint in USA showed download speeds of 3-6 Mbps and upload speeds of 1 Mbps (Sprint, 2013). Wireless Broadband, Wibro, provided by

Managing People for a Competitive Advantage class Research Paper

Managing People for a Competitive Advantage class - Research Paper Example The affirmative action programs are the only one hopeful way that can be used to deal with racial segregation. According to David L. Chappell, elimination of the programs in the name of their ineffectiveness would just worsen the situation instead of resolving it. This mainly owes to the fact that, a long period of time would take before other effective programs can be formed. Thus, it would be better and more time effective to try to fix the loose ends of the current programs instead of eliminating them completely (Chappell, 3). The affirmative action programs are also still necessary due to the fact that discrimination and inequality are issues that need experience and expertise in order to be countered. Evidently, the affirmative action programs are fully equipped with these two qualities and thus, they can be very helpful in eliminating cases such as preferential treatment. With the issue of preferential treatment being very rampant in the United States, it is only the affirmative action programs that can help since they already have set procedures of solving such issues (Chappell, 4). Despite other people alleging that this action by the affirmative programs would lead to reverse discrimination, in my opinion, this would not happen since the program can come up with measures that just uphold equality without having negative impacts on any race. One other reason that supports the fact that affirmative action programs are still necessary is that; other countries such as India are also using the same programs to curtail inequality and discrimination among their citizens (Chappell, 5). The United States should therefore look out for the weaknesses of its program instead of doing away with it completely. Other countries such as Malaysia have also proved that indeed affirmative programs have positive results if well implemented. In conclusion, I strongly support the fact that affirmative action should still be

Major U.S. Historical Events 1980-Present Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Major U.S. Historical Events 1980-Present - Essay Example When Ronald Reagan was inaugurated president in 1980, his term was ushered in with a wave of new conservatism. Reagan, a military hard-liner and staunch anti-communist, was able to confront the USSR and end the Cold War without precipitating a nuclear disaster. His administration enacted several initiatives that would form the basis of a multi-faceted attack on the USSR. This was accomplished by increased military spending, support of democracy in the Soviet's satellite countries, and crippling the economy of the Soviet Union. These initiatives in unison eroded the communist system and by the end of his term, the Soviets had capitulated. The increase in military expenditures was responsible for the implementation of National Security Defense Directive (NSDD) 32, signed by Reagan in 1982. Its purpose was to financially and covertly support anti-Soviet groups in Eastern Europe (Edward's). As anti-Soviet sentiment rose in Eastern Europe, Reagan enacted NSDD 66, which called for a clandestine economic war on the Soviet Union. It called for limiting the USSR's access to technology as well as curtailing their ability to produce natural gas (Edwards). Embargoing the Soviet economy was coupled with increased pressure exerted by American military goals to bring the Soviet system to a gradual halt during Reagan's administration. The dismantling of the Berlin Wall in 1989, the most celebrated symbol of the victory, ended 40 years of American effort and opened up new opportunities for peace around the world as well as new challenges for America's foreign policy. The ending of the Cold War served to increase the public's belief in America's system of democracy and allowed diplomatic and military resources to be turned towards other endeavors. When Iraq invaded Kuwait in 1990, the memory of the failure to secure a victory in Southeast Asia decades earlier still fomented fears of another Vietnam. Iraq, debt-ridden and weary from years of war with Iran, made a desperate and miscalculated move to invade Kuwait. President George Bush Sr. was able to capitalize on Huessein's miscalculations and through diplomacy and political savvy was able to form a united coalition of nations to stand against Iraqi aggression. Saudi Arabia, a vital American interest, and 14 members of the Arab League joined to condemn Iraq's aggression (Persian Gulf War). Within days, international cooperation led by Bush, resulted in a global embargo against the Iragi regime. Bush, able to unite America under a new wave of national pride, assembled a military team to plan a strategic operation while diplomacy and UN Sanctions worked behind the scenes in an effort to oust the Iraqis from Kuwait. As diplomacy failed and UN deadlines expired, the first air attacks on Iraq began on January 17, 1991 (Atkinson). After more than a month of air strikes, a 4 day ground war decisively expelled Iraq from Kuwait and decimated their military. This rapid victory, with few casualties, placed America as an international military power once again. The coalition victory brought with it new hope for the future of global cooperation to suppress dictators and promote human rights. American pride had been restored and resulted in a new

The School of Athens by Raphael Essay Example for Free

The School of Athens by Raphael Essay The School of Athens by Raphael is a complex painting with a fascinating composition. The subjects, building, composition and his use of color make it a compelling piece. This painting is extremely decorative and complex. With various tools, Raphael was able to emphasize different aspects and pull the viewer into the work. Because of the colors used in the painting, and the setting, this painting seems to be of religious or educated figures. This painting has many subjects, most of which appear to be male. Knowing that most renaissance paintings have both genders, one would conclude that there are a few females. All of the subjects are wearing colorful, flowing robes. The fact that they have colorful clothing on symbolizes a high rank. This rank is either of the church or of land. The highly crafted building the subjects are in leads the viewer to think that the rank is from the church or education. In the middle, the subjects are surrounding two men. Everyone seems to be listening to the men. The men in the bottom left are reading or writing, what could be the primary mens words. The ones in the bottom right are surrounding a board on the floor and could be discussing the words of the men. With all of the conversing going on, and the layout of the people, one would assume that this is a lecture setting. This story is going on in a large, ornate, arched-ceiling building. This building is painted from top to bottom. The main arch in the front has a very geometric pattern on it but the column connecting it to the ground is flowery. There is gold on the ceiling, on the decorative pieces between each painting. The top-left corner has a large rock painted on a background of gold. There is a person standing behind it but the edge of the painting cuts it off at the waist. Under the large rock painting, there is a smaller gold tree on a blue background. These two colors are the epitome or wealth because they are the most costly to buy. In the top right corner, again cut off by the border of the painting, there is a group or what appear to be women. They are focused around some type of animal in the middle. Below this is the same tree as the opposite side. The filling between the two large paintings and the smaller trees is all triangular. It has an ornate pattern in blue and gold, just like the trees. In the bottom left-hand corner, there is a framed square, which looks like it is a mirror. The way there is wood  in it but no other bare wood anywhere in the picture makes it seem to be a reflection. Behind the large arch in the front, there is a hallway type of structure. It has a statue on each side with smaller carved scenes under them. The hallway, which opens up to a ceiling-less patio has statues, similar to the ones on the wall. The archways have geometric carved patterns covering the ceilings. Unlike the foreground arch, the background ones are white stone; there is no paint or gold on them. As the arches become smaller and the sky becomes larger, the pure blue sky with fluffy white clouds begins to show. This painting is very realistic, because of the detail of ornamental pieces and because of the accuracy of the structure. The perspective is precise; larger things are in the foreground and smaller things are in the background. Unlike earlier paintings, the building looks like you could walk through it. The scale of the subjects is also very accurate. Some earlier works had the most important characters larger and in the middle. The values, which differ in the arches, show depth. The arches are darker on the underside and on the right walls, to show a direction of light from the right. The people on the sides are not exact copies but the fact that they are on both sides makes the painting approximately symmetrical. The evenness of the arches also emphasizes the symmetrical characteristic. The composition of the image is made interesting by the complexity of the people. The empty building without the individuals in it would be an architectural study. The colors in this painting pull the viewer in. The use of gold in modesty, compared to many other paintings, makes the whole painting brighten. The colors on the robes are impressive. The subjects closer to the two in the middle have more primary and secondary colored gowns while the perimeter has primarily tertiary colored clothing. This may have to do with class or emphasis. As concluded earlier, the middle subjects are significant so to make them stand out, the robes are more vibrant. The archway in the front is much more decorative and frames the subjects underneath. With the arches in the back being less showy, the foreground with the people stands out more. In conclusion, this painting has many facets and details, which could go unnoticed. Raphael stressed certain parts by using color and framing. The context leads one to believe that the subjects are knowledgeable. With the color, composition and subjects combined, this painting is a significant piece. The School of Athens is an elaborate painting with a multifaceted story.

Affirmative Action :: essays research papers

Affirmative action is a growing argument among our society. It is multifaceted and very often defined vaguely. Some can define affirmative action as the ability to strive for equality and inclusiveness. Others might see it as a quota-based system for different minority groups. Is affirmative action fair? Are minority groups on equal footing? Is gaining employment for minorities difficult? Is education easily obtained for the minority groups of people? Affirmative action endeavors to answer all these questions, while allowing society to believe harmony exists. Affirmative action has definitely helped women and minorities in their careers, but it has yet to succeed in the goal of equality in the business world for women and minorities. As more and more women are faced with discrimination in large firms, more have decided to strike out on their own. Today employers both private and public require individuals to take a test before entering their place of employment. For example, if one were to apply for a job in a supermarket a test for your basic educational skill is required. To become a fireman, policeman, teacher, or Kentucky Fried Chicken employee you are required to take a test before being hired. To further your education you need to take a test to enter a University. Jobs for today are in the technological, computer, and Internet areas. The need to be educated is a part of life. In our society there are difficulties with basic education. Affirmative action gives minorities the right to equal education. Is affirmative action fair? Affirmative action has become a tool for minorities to use for equality in the business world. Women, African Americans, Hispanics and the like now have a level tool that would support their rights as individuals in the business world. Yes, affirmative action demonstrates fairness. Are minority groups on equal footing? Today, affirmative action is recognized however, the 'glass ceiling' is still there. The glass ceiling refers to "you can see it, but you can't get it". Minorities can reach for the ceiling but still have difficulty actually trying to touch it. Unfortunately affirmative action cannot tell society to behave in a way that would place every individual, every minority group on equal footing. Affirmative action is a great tool for minorities. It encourages equality in humanity. I agree and support affirmative action in that individual's should be treated equally. Affirmative action is still needed. Although women and people of color have come a long way in the decades since the Civil Rights Act was passed, discrimination still exists.

Essay on Human Nature and The Canterbury Tales -- Canterbury Tales Ess

Human Nature and The Canterbury Tales  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   When Geoffrey Chaucer undertook the writing of The Canterbury Tales, he had a long road ahead of him. He intended to tell two stories from each of thirty pilgrims on the way to Canterbury, and then two more from each pilgrim on the way back from Canterbury. Of these, he completed only twenty-four. However, in these tales, Chaucer depicts both the pilgrims and their stories with striking realism. In "The Nun's Priest's Tale," "The Canon's Yeoman's Tale," "The Friar's Tale," "The Reeve's Tale," and "The Cleric's Tale," Chaucer demonstrates his remarkable insight into human nature. By comparing and contrasting these tales, one can see the universality of human nature as shown by Chaucer. One human trait apparent in these selections is greed. Avarice drives the hearts of many men, whether they may be a common miller or a summoner or a supposedly religious canon, and Chaucer was aware of this. In the tales which contain these three characters, Chaucer depicts the greed of these characters. The Reeve tells his fellow pilgrims in his tale of a miller who "was a thief ... of corn and meal, and sly at that; his habit was to steal" (Chaucer 125). The summoner in "The Friar's Tale" "drew large profits to himself thereby," and as the devil observes of him in this tale, "You're out for wealth, acquired no matter how" (Chaucer 312, 315). The canon in Part 1 of "The Canon's Yeoman's Tale," as well as the Yeoman himself, had been driven by the goal of converting base metals into gold, and "though we never realized the wished conclusion we still went on raving in our illusion" (Chaucer 478). The second canon of which the Yeoman speaks is many times worse than his own canon and mas ter, using h... .... Works Cited Balliet, Gay L. "The Wife in Chaucer's Reeves's Tale: Siren of Sweet Vengeance." English Language Notes 28.1 (1990): 1-5. Baylor, Jeffrey. "The Failure of the Intellect in Chaucer's Reeve's Tale." English Language Notes 28.1 (1990): 17-19. Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Canterbury Tales. Trans. Nevill Coghill. Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1960. Dictionary of Literary Biography: Old and Middle English. Ed. Jeffrey Helteman and Jerome Mitchell. Detroit: Sale Research, Inc., 1994. Edden, Valerie. "Sacred and Secular in the Clerk's Tale." The Chaucer Review 26.4 (1992): 369-376. Fehrenbacher, Richard W. "'A Yeerd Enclosed Al About': Literature and History in the Nun's Priest's Tale." The Chaucer Review 29.2 (1994): 134-148. Whittock, Trevor. A Reading of The Canterbury Tales. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press, 1970.      

Cash Flow Problems and Solutions Essay

Sharma and Ryan are planning to share ownership of the business SIGNature Ltd. The business will manufacture plastic road signs for builders, tourist attractions and local councils. It is imperative that the business are continually monitoring and controlling their cash flow if they aim to survive, specifically making sure there are sufficient funds to cover immediate spending. However, SIGNature Ltd. should avoid holding too much cash as this is an unproductive asset, as the business could lose out on the possible profit from investing in the cash. Many businesses produce regular cash flow forecasts, listing all likley receipts (cash inflows) and payments (cash outflows) over a future time period, in this case 12 months. SIGNature Ltd. decided to invest  £12,500 each of their own money into the business totalling at  £25000 altogether, an adequate amount of money to start off the year, however; looking at their closing balance of  £5,556 this investment could have been much hi gher, the business were aware of their costs for this month of  £135,443 – a considerable sum of money to be coming out of a start-up business in the first month. The main issue with these high outgoings is the slightly low opening balance for February, which could have been avoided if precautions had been taken such as investing more money into the business or perhaps spreading the costs. In addition to the capital introduced Sharma and Ryan were granted a bank loan of  £80,000, a fairly large sum which aided the funding of machinery at  £85,000, fittings and fixtures at  £20,000 and insurance at  £1,000 totalling at  £106,000. With the uncertainty of sales these large payments in the first month may have negative results for the months to come if their sales do not meet targets, possibly landing the business into debts that will have to be repaid through external sources of finance, which will in turn incur additional borrowing costs adding pressure to the situation. Their available bank overdraft of  £20,000 could be considered, however, this would mean additional debt and additional creditors to repay, the business would then n eed to find ways of raising money themselves using the money borrowed, in order to repay all debts successfully – this would be unlikely to work as it would take time,  resources and money putting extreme pressure on the business. Many business over borrow to finance growth, increasing interest costs which not only threatens the businesses cash position but the overall control of the business. It is important for Sharma and Ryan to fund growth in a balanced way; additional funds could have been invested through savings, Sharma and Ryan could have looked into accessible external sources of finance by for example seeking financial support from family and friends who would be interested in making an investment into the business. It appears that the business invested too much on fixed assets in the first month as the initial stages of a business’ funds are limited. Spending large amounts of money on equipment, machinery and other capital items can drain resources; Sharma and Ryan should consider lease some of these fixed assets such as the machinery, leaving sufficient cash funds. Receipts are lowest in February than any other at  £41,556, a possible result of the lower opening balance from the previous month’s outgoings. Sales remained the same at  £30,000, while regular costs remained the same, including salary payments of  £6,333 in total; this may have potential effects on the business and its profit, by paying the same outflows while receiving low inflows can cause the business to eat into turnover and therefore their profits. Other payments could also be investigated, such as their courier for example, their payments of  £1,500 seem extortionate, reducing the working capital the business have available to spend on daily activity and pay expenses. This may be an example of poor financial management, an inexperience in managi ng cash or a poor understanding of the way cash flows in and out of their business may lead Sharma and Ryan into problems. For example if a business were to spend heavily just before it receives cash from their customers who have bought on credit it is likely to face problems. It is not wise to spend cash when it is not definitely there. It will help SIGNature Ltd. to save cash if they were able to delay paying their courier for services they have already bought, the courier may also be able to extend their credit period (if any) from 30 to 60 days for example. However the business should be careful that the courier do not withdraw their credit facilities and refuse to transport the business’ goods if they are waiting too long for payment. Alternatively Sharma and Ryan could look into other courier services, comparing prices on the market in order to find a company that will transport their goods at a  lower cost; leaving additional cash funds to support other business activity. Additional action that could be taken includes reducing the personal drawings from the business, owners who regularly take cash from the business could attempt to take less. Living expenses may be an issue to consider, however, making a reduction in drawings taken could reduce the amount of money that leaves the business. March sales are again  £30,000, with the addition of  £10,700 incurred in quarterly costs including payments to HMRC and telephone bills while advertising payments have risen by  £500; the result of these costs mean the closing balance drops to  £7,970 from 12,113 in the previous month, possibly impacting on April’s cash flow if sales do not rise as expected. In addition to this Ryan and Sharma are continuing to pay themselves as well as their two staff, raising costs by  £3,166 which could be spent on other aspects of the business while continuing to pay the same rates for all other costs; consequently their outgoings for the month total at  £40,143, a higher than optimum total. Businesses are subject to unpredictable external forces, meaning they must make financial provision for any unforeseen expenditure. Equipment breakdowns, tax demands, strikes and bad debts are common examples of emergency expense. In the early stages of business development it is more likely that business owners are affected by unforeseen expenditure due to lack of experience or insufficient planning. For Sharma and Ryan, it is very important they take these factors into account when financing their business, their current poor financial management could lead them to additional expenses they are not able to afford and could possibly have long-term effects on the business which will be hard to recover from. In order to raise funds SIGNature Ltd. may consider stimulating sales for cash, many business can generate cash by offering large discounts for customers who will pay in cash, reducing the amount of time waited to receive cash from sales to cover any emergency costs incurred. Sharm a and Ryan could simply delay payments, keeping this cash within the business for a longer period of time and only paying when put under pressure by creditors. Although this may be acceptable in many cases, the business should be cautious to make HMRC payments upfront to avoid future issues such as the loss of assets or additional costs as a result. Sometimes it may be possible to sell stock of raw materials, components or unfinished goods for cash. To  generate cash quickly at lower cost if necessary, however, stocks such as road signs and their materials are specialised so may prove difficult to sell. They may consider selling to collectors of plastic, although this may not generate enough to benefit the business. April and May’s sales are to rise to  £37,000 as do purchases, going from  £13,500 to  £16,650 which could impact on profits after costs are deducted, spending although sometimes necessary can have negative effects on the business inflows. While costs cons ist of mostly mandatory payments, heat and lighting remain at  £500; the approaching summer months and likely hot weather suggest that this month’s bill should be considerably lower as days become longer at beginning of spring meaning more heat and light will be naturally generated, spending cash on these bills when they are not required is an example of financial mismanagement possibly leading to additional finance issues due to lack of cash. The business should focus on making only essential purchases, postponing or cancelling nay unnecessary spending and only buying resources when required. The business should consider ways to utilise natural light effectively in order to save energy, and costs as a result; an example could be the installation of solar panels, in addition to this the temperature in this month should be higher and therefore no need for the business to be paying the amount they are for heating. Other ways to gain or regain cash involve putting pressure on customers to pay back what they owe more quickly. Allowing customers to receive trade credit can benefit as they will appreciate the extra time to pay for purchased goods, however as SIGNature’s customers are often other business they may take advantage of this act of goodwill in resistance to repay the business when asked. Therefore the business should be wary when trusting a customer with this service, as they may not repay as result of pressure and it could lead to them simply resorting to finding another supplier. June’s sales remain at  £37,000 while the second quarterly costs are du e, HMRC payments have risen to  £12,210 as a result of higher company purchases. Total outgoings for this month are  £46,233, this is higher due to aspects of outgoings such as the addition of  £300 in telephone charges,  £500 additional advertising costs and the continual payment of heat and lighting bills of  £500. Other than this the business do not seem to be taking action against managing high costs (such as the courier for example), this demonstrates a reluctance to adapt to new  situations. When dealing with their business, Sharma and Ryan should be evolving, and adapting their business to meet current demands; what suited the business three months ago may not apply currently. Sharma and Ryan may think about introducing fresh capital this month in order to improve cash flow, they may be able to use savings or take out loans using personal possessions as security. As a small business, SIGNature Ltd. may be able to friends and family to invest in it; another possibility could be the acquiring of a new business partner to add to existing funds, in addition they may be able to offer their expertise or a fresh way of thinking which could improve the business further. July to September’s sales rise to  £41,000, a  £4000 increase from April to June’s sales and an  £11,000 increase from the beginning of the year’s sales; inflows are appearing positive by this quarter, with outgoings remaining almost the same with the exception of higher purchases, the businesses profit margin has risen significantly. Sales have noticeably continued to rise after the end of each quarter when an additional  £500 is invested into advertising, from this I can say it is clear the business has potential to improve further from the use of advertisement in order to raise brand awareness and attract new and existing customers to continue using the ir business. It could be that the ‘in-between’ months are not being put to best use, if Sharma and Ryan were to more regularly invest in additional advertisement it could be that the business sales would continue to rise. From this pattern it appears their inexperience holds them from reaching full potential at the rate they could if they were to consult others (such as potential investors, or any associates within the industry for example) who may be able to offer advice or assistance. Another possible alternative as previously mentioned could be the introduction of an additional business partner, preferably one already involved within the industry, to offer their expertise through knowledge and experience while contributing a new take on the running of their business. If reluctant to allow another person have a say in the running of their organisation, there is the possibility of acquiring the new partner as a ‘silent partner’, allowing Sharma and Ryan to gain funds and guidance on the running of their business without the possible disagreements on actions taken during daily activity, which in turn would reduce any stress this may have caused while benefiting from the extra help they would receive. From  October to December sales deteriorate to  £25,000 with bills remaining this reduces profit margins; however, opening and closing balances continue to total at over  £50,000, these large sums of money remaining each month appear positive when looking at the cash flow forecast, although this is known as an unproductive asset. The money left over at the end of the month should be banked or invested, in order to gain money from either interest earned or profit received from investment; the money lost from holding the cash could set the business back from what they could have earned if they were to have invested their money. Although many businesses try to sustain demand for their products, there may be times when it falls unexpectedly. Changes in spending habits could lead to a fall in demand, leading to fall in cash sales flowing into the company; oftentimes, trade fluctuates for seasonal reasons as it appears to have done in this case. To avoid this precautions can be taken , for SIGNature Ltd. it is thought their business would continue to strive in winter due to the nature of the organisation, additional warning road signs are likely to be needed as a result of harsh weather conditions, form this I can say that the business would be wise to invest in additional advertisement for the winter months in order to boost sales. In addition to this they may be able to provide discount in order to promote their product. This situation requires careful management of the summer months in order to regulate the winter months, although it is possible to predict these changes. In conclusion I can say that there are many issues SIGNature Ltd. could face as a small start-up business, due to varying factors; some of which include their lack of experience in both the industry and the running of a business, despite this there are many courses of action they can take in order to improve and grow their business. In my opinion the furthering of their business could be achieved through the better management of their spending, in addition to the alteration of their operation; there were a number of outgoings the business were continuing to pay when perhaps they could have found a cheaper alternative, while when possessing large sums of money, were not taking action to make use of this. As new business owners, the partnership should work on the evolution of their business by finding new ways to do things to ensure their organisation is reaching full potential by increasing profit margins through the cutting of costs and in some cases, the spreading of them in order t o achieve economies of scale,  which could benefit Sharma and Ryan greatly.